内容来源：https://www.geekwire.com/2026/artemis-2-splashdown-moon/

内容总结：

【历史性时刻！“阿尔忒弥斯2号”载人绕月任务圆满成功】
当地时间4月11日下午5时07分，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）“阿尔忒弥斯2号”任务的四名宇航员乘坐“猎户座”飞船，在太平洋预定海域成功溅落，标志着自1972年“阿波罗”计划后人类首次载人绕月返回任务圆满完成。

此次历时10天的太空之旅创下多项历史纪录：指令长里德·怀斯曼、飞行员维克多·格洛弗、任务专家克里斯蒂娜·科赫及加拿大宇航员杰里米·汉森组成的乘组，在飞行至月球背面约4000英里外时，成为人类历史上抵达最遥远深空的团队。科赫成为首位超越地球轨道的女性，格洛弗是首位完成此举的非裔宇航员，汉森则成为首位非美国籍的深空探险者。

任务期间，“猎户座”飞船总飞行距离达70万余英里，其关键部件包括华盛顿州雷德蒙德L3哈里斯公司制造的推进器、穆基特奥卡曼航天防务公司设计的降落伞释放装置等均表现稳定。再入大气层阶段，飞船以超过2.4万英里时速穿越电离层，承受约4000至5000华氏度高温，最终依靠三组降落伞将溅落速度降至19英里/小时。

NASA副局长阿米特·克沙特里亚评价称：“这是数十年来最重要的人类太空飞行任务，既具历史意义，也为未来深空探索铺平道路。”此次任务验证了“阿尔忒弥斯”计划的硬件与流程，为2028年前实现载人登月、2030年代建设永久月球基地奠定基础。

尽管任务整体顺利，飞船也出现厕所故障、氦气微量泄漏等技术挑战。NASA表示相关问题将为后续任务改进提供依据。目前，宇航员已由回收舰“约翰·P·默瑟”号接应，并将送往休斯顿约翰逊航天中心。

展望未来，SpaceX和蓝色起源公司正加紧研发月球着陆器。按计划，“阿尔忒弥斯4号”任务将于2028年初实现1972年后首次载人登月，“阿尔忒弥斯5号”将启动月球南极基地建设。蓝色起源公司首席执行官戴夫·林普称此次任务为“这一代人的阿波罗时刻”，预示着月球探索新时代的来临。

中文翻译：

四名宇航员乘坐"猎户座"飞船今日在太平洋成功溅落，为1972年以来首次载人绕月往返之旅画上圆满句号。"多么壮丽的旅程！"任务指挥官里德·怀斯曼在溅落瞬间发出感慨。

在这场为期十天的太空史诗中，美国宇航局"阿尔忒弥斯2号"任务乘组——指挥官怀斯曼、驾驶员维克多·格洛弗、任务专家克里斯蒂娜·科赫及加拿大宇航员杰里米·汉森——创造了人类最远航行纪录，绕行至月球背面四千多英里外。科赫成为首位突破地球轨道的女性，格洛弗是完成此举的首位黑人宇航员，汉森则成为实现此壮举的首位非美国籍宇航员。

本次飞行全面检验了"阿尔忒弥斯"计划的硬件设备与操作流程，为最早于2028年将宇航员送上月球表面、2030年代建立永久性月球基地铺平道路。美国宇航局副局长阿米特·克沙特里亚在溅落后的新闻发布会上表示："无论从历史意义还是航天局未来发展的角度来看，这都是我们数十年来执行的最重要载人航天任务。"

"猎户座"的关键硬件——包括西雅图地区制造的组件——在关键时刻表现出色。飞船的两套推进系统由华盛顿州雷德蒙德L3哈里斯公司旗下阿罗杰特火箭达因团队研制，而穆基特奥卡曼航天防务公司制造的机械装置，则在任务最后阶段确保了降落伞安全展开。

据美国宇航局测算，从4月1日搭乘巨型太空发射系统火箭升空，到太平洋时间下午5时07分在加州外海溅落，"猎户座"总计航行70.0237万英里。

历史性航行的完美收官

任务最后一小时按计划展开。抛离欧制服务舱后，被宇航员命名为"正直号"的猎户座乘员舱以超过2.4万英里时速冲入大气层。再入大气层产生的激波形成等离子场，导致无线电通信中断六分钟。

乘组承受了最高达3.9倍地球重力的过载——与发射阶段相当——飞船防热罩则经受住4000至5000华氏度的高温考验。此次设计的再入轨道特意减轻了防热罩压力，因早前"阿尔忒弥斯1号"无人绕月任务中，防热罩出现了超出预期的严重碳化现象。"这是我们轨道设计的真正考验，"美国宇航局解说员罗布·纳维亚斯说道。

飞船成功通过考验："休斯顿，这里是正直号：信号清晰响亮，"通信恢复时怀斯曼向任务控制中心的报告，引发地面控制人员一片欢呼。

降落伞准时展开，当飞船在圣迭戈西南太平洋海域溅落时，速度已降至每小时19英里。怀斯曼随即报告四名宇航员健康状况良好。飞船气囊充入氦气以稳定漂浮状态。"这是教科书式的任务，"纳维亚斯评价道。

尽管宇航员的卫星电话连接出现故障，回收团队仍顺利抵达溅落点。任务控制中心通过无线电保持双向通信，协助排除故障。宇航员们出舱后由直升机转运至两栖运输舰"约翰·P·默瑟"号，该舰担任本次回收行动指挥舰。完成医疗检查后，他们将抵达圣迭戈海岸，并于周六飞往休斯顿约翰逊航天中心。与此同时，"猎户座"飞船将被拖回母舰井甲板运输。

任务控制中心内，"阿尔忒弥斯2号"团队成员观看太平洋传回的画面时相拥庆贺。"任务虽已结束，余韵仍在回荡，"纳维亚斯感慨道。美国宇航局局长贾里德·艾萨克曼在舰上表示，他对航天局全体工作人员"感到无比自豪"。"1972年最后一次阿波罗任务十年后才出生的我，简直不敢相信眼前的一切，"艾萨克曼说，"我几乎用一生等待这个时刻。"

他承诺绕月之旅不会成为绝响："这仅仅是开始。我们将常态化开展此类任务，持续派遣团队前往月球，直至2028年实现登陆并建立基地。"前总统特朗普通过社交媒体送上祝贺："整个旅程精彩绝伦，着陆完美无瑕！我期待不久后在白宫与各位相见。我们将再次启程，下一站——火星！"

承前启后的里程碑

尽管"阿尔忒弥斯2号"本质上是工程测试任务，仍带来丰硕科学成果。宇航员对月球背面进行广角勘测，记录了阿波罗计划因光照条件与近轨视角限制未能观测的区域。在绕月起始与收官阶段，乘组捕捉到令人震撼的地球沉落与升起景象，重现了1968年"阿波罗8号"经典地球升起照片激发的敬畏之情。他们还目睹了奇异的日食现象，在暗月周围形成神秘光晕。

本次任务最远抵达距地球25.2756万英里处，比1970年"阿波罗13号"保持的纪录又延伸了4101英里。

虽属教科书式任务，但并非完美无缺。史上首个地外轨道飞船卫生间在出航途中发生故障，疑似冰堵导致废水排放管阻塞。"我们必须完善这项功能，"艾萨克曼当时表示。美国宇航局还监测到服务舱氧化剂箱加压系统存在轻微氦泄漏。虽未影响本次任务，但克沙特里亚指出可能需要为2028年登月任务重新设计该系统。

与此同时，SpaceX和蓝色起源公司仍在研制未来登月所需的着陆系统。美国宇航局计划在明年"阿尔忒弥斯3号"任务期间，于近地轨道测试SpaceX星舰着陆器和/或蓝色起源蓝月着陆器。若一切顺利，2028年初的"阿尔忒弥斯4号"任务将实现1972年以来首次登月，同年晚些时候"阿尔忒弥斯5号"乘组将在月球南极区域启动基地建设。

作为预热，杰夫·贝索斯的蓝色起源公司正筹备今年下半年将名为"耐力号"的无人版蓝月着陆器送往月球南极。该区域因环形山可能存在冰储量而成为月球探索与定居的首选目标——这些冰可转化为饮用水、可呼吸氧气及火箭燃料所需的氢气。

今日蓝色起源首席执行官戴夫·林普对"阿尔忒弥斯2号"任务成功表示祝贺，称之为"当代的阿波罗时刻"。"向着阿尔忒弥斯3号进发！"他在社交媒体发文写道。

英文来源：

Four astronauts and their Orion space capsule splashed down in the Pacific Ocean today, bringing the first crewed trip around the moon and back since 1972 to a successful end.
“What a journey!” mission commander Reid Wiseman said moments after splashdown.
During their 10-day odyssey, the crew of NASA’s Artemis 2 mission — Wiseman, pilot Victor Glover, mission specialist Christina Koch and Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen — became the most distant human travelers in history, swinging more than 4,000 miles past the moon’s far side. Koch is the first woman to venture beyond Earth orbit, Glover is the first Black astronaut to do so, and Hansen is the first non-U.S. astronaut to make such a trip.
The flight tested the Artemis program’s hardware and procedures to prepare the way for sending astronauts all the way to the lunar surface by as early as 2028, and for building a permanent lunar base in the 2030s.
“It’s the most important human spaceflight mission I think we’ve done in many decades, in terms of what it meant historically, but also what it means for the future of the agency,” NASA Associate Administrator Amit Kshatriya said at a post-splashdown news conference.
Orion’s hardware — including components built in the Seattle area — came through when it counted. Two sets of thrusters for Orion were built by L3Harris’ Aerojet Rocketdyne team in Redmond, Wash., while mechanisms that were made by Karman Space & Defense in Mukilteo, Wash., facilitated the safe deployment of Orion’s parachutes in the mission’s final minutes.
NASA calculated that Orion traveled 700,237 miles in all, from its launch atop a massive Space Launch System rocket on April 1 to its splashdown off the coast of California at 5:07 p.m. PT.
Textbook end to a history-making trip
The final hour of the mission unfolded as NASA planned. After jettisoning its European-built service module, the Orion crew module — christened Integrity by the astronauts — hit the atmosphere at a speed of more than 24,000 mph. The shock of re-entry created a plasma field around the spacecraft that blacked out radio communications for six minutes.
The crew endured G-forces that ranged up to 3.9 times the force of Earth’s gravity — about what they felt during launch — and Orion’s heat shield endured temperatures of 4,000 to 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit. The trajectory for Orion’s descent was designed to reduce the stress on the heat shield, after NASA discovered that the heat shield for an earlier uncrewed round-the-moon mission, Artemis 1, underwent more serious charring than expected.
“This is the true test of our trajectory,” NASA commentator Rob Navias said.
Orion passed the test: “Houston, Integrity: We have you loud and clear,” Wiseman told Mission Control when the blackout ended, sparking a cheer from ground controllers.
The spacecraft’s parachutes deployed on cue, and Orion’s descent slowed to a speed of 19 mph by the time it hit the water in the Pacific southwest of San Diego.
Moments after splashdown, Wiseman reported that all four of the astronauts were in good health. Orion’s airbags were inflated with helium to help stabilize the floating craft.
“It was a textbook mission,” Navias said.
Recovery teams converged on the touchdown site, hampered somewhat by a glitch that arose with the crew’s satellite phone connection. Mission Control was able to stay in two-way contact with the crew via radio, however, and assisted with troubleshooting.
The astronauts were brought out from the spacecraft and hoisted up to helicopters for transfer to the USS John P. Murtha, an amphibious transport dock ship that served as the lead ship in the recovery effort. After undergoing medical checks, they were to be brought to shore in San Diego — and on Saturday, they’ll be flown to Johnson Space Center in Houston. Meanwhile, the Orion capsule will be towed back onto the USS John P. Murtha’s well deck for transport.
Back at Mission Control, members of the Artemis 2 team hugged each other as they watched the video from the Pacific. “The mission is over, but the melody lingers on,” Navias said.
On the ship, NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman said he “couldn’t be more proud of the entire workforce” at the space agency.
“The childhood Jared can’t believe what I just saw,” said Isaacman, who was born 10 years after the final Apollo moon mission in 1972. “I’ve almost been waiting my whole life to see this.”
He pledged that Artemis 2’s round-the-moon trip wouldn’t be a once-in-a-lifetime experience. “This is just the beginning,” he said. “We are going to get back into doing this with frequency, sending missions to the moon until we land on it in 2028 and start building our base.”
President Donald Trump passed along his congratulations. “The entire trip was spectacular, the landing was perfect and, as President of the United States, I could not be more proud!” Trump wrote in a post on Truth Social. “I look forward to seeing you all at the White House soon. We’ll be doing it again and then, next step, Mars!”
Looking back, looking ahead
Even though Artemis 2 was primarily an engineering test mission, the trip also brought scientific benefits. The astronauts conducted a wide-angle survey of the lunar far side, and described areas that the Apollo program’s astronauts couldn’t see with their own eyes due to lighting conditions and a closer-in orbital perspective.
At the beginning and end of their swing around the moon, the Artemis 2 crew captured stunning images of Earthset and Earthrise, stirring the same feelings of awe that were sparked by Apollo 8’s original Earthrise image in 1968. The astronauts also witnessed an unearthly kind of solar eclipse that created an eerie glow around the darkened moon.
The astronauts were 252,756 miles from Earth at the farthest point of their trip, which exceeded the previous record set by Apollo 13 in 1970 by 4,101 miles.
Even though it was a textbook mission, not everything went perfectly. The first toilet to be installed in a spacecraft that was sent beyond Earth orbit acted up during the outbound leg of the journey, apparently due to ice that blocked a wastewater vent line. “Nailing this capability is one that we need to certainly work on,” Isaacman said at the time.
NASA also detected a slight helium leak in the pressurization system for the oxidizer tank on Orion’s service module. The leak didn’t pose a problem for Artemis 2, but Kshatriya said the system might have to be redesigned for the lunar landing mission in 2028.
Meanwhile, SpaceX and Blue Origin are still working on the landing systems that will be needed to get future astronauts to the lunar surface. NASA is planning to test-drive SpaceX’s Starship lander and/or Blue Origin’s Blue Moon lander in low Earth orbit next year during Artemis 3.
If all goes according to plan, one of those landers would facilitate the first lunar landing since 1972 during the Artemis 4 mission in early 2028, and the crew of Artemis 5 would begin work on a base near the moon’s south pole in late 2028.
As a warmup, Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin space venture is gearing up to send an uncrewed version of the Blue Moon lander, known as Endurance, to the moon’s south polar region later this year. That region is a prime target for lunar exploration and settlement because its craters are thought to harbor reserves of ice that could be converted to drinkable water and breathable oxygen, plus hydrogen that could be used as rocket fuel.
Today Blue Origin CEO Dave Limp added his congratulations on a successful Artemis 2 mission, calling it “this generation’s Apollo moment.”
“On to Artemis III!” he said in a post to X.