什么是蓝牙编解码器,以及哪一种能提供最佳音质?

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什么是蓝牙编解码器,以及哪一种能提供最佳音质?

内容来源:https://www.engadget.com/2236801/what-is-bluetooth-codec-which-offers-best-audio-quality/

内容总结:

蓝牙编解码器是什么?哪款音质最佳?一文读懂

想要获得最佳的蓝牙音频体验,调整设备设置至关重要。蓝牙技术本身就像一门晦涩的“语言”,而其中的编解码器(Codec)更是决定音质的关键。它相当于音频数据的“翻译官”,负责将手机等音源设备发出的音频信息,传输到你的蓝牙耳机或音箱上。不同的编解码器就像不同的语言,传输方式各异,也各有优劣。

核心参数与常见编解码器对比

要理解不同编解码器的差异,主要看三个核心指标:

目前,所有蓝牙设备都支持基础编解码器SBC,而其他如AAC、AptX系列、LDAC等则需设备兼容。简单来说,不同编解码器在传输效率和音质上限上存在明显差距。例如,索尼的LDAC在最大比特率、位深和采样率上表现突出,而高通的AptX Lossless则支持无损传输。但数据好看不等于听感最佳,实际音频压缩效率、设备连接稳定性以及耳机的解码能力都会影响最终效果。此外,高规格编解码器往往更耗电,未必适合全天候佩戴。

如何切换蓝牙编解码器?

能否切换以及如何切换,取决于你的设备。苹果设备目前仅支持AAC和SBC,无法自行调整。而安卓用户可通过以下步骤自由切换:

  1. 确保蓝牙已开启并连接好设备。
  2. 进入“设置” -> “关于手机” -> “软件信息”。
  3. 连续点击“版本号”7次,开启“开发者选项”。
  4. 返回“设置” -> “开发者选项”,找到“蓝牙音频编解码器”。
  5. 选择你想要的编解码器即可生效。

如果不习惯操作开发者菜单,也可借助如“Bluetooth Codec Changer”等第三方应用,这类工具还能根据通话或听音乐等不同场景设置独立音频配置,部分高级功能可能需要付费订阅。

总结:哪款编解码器最好?

并没有绝对“最好”的编解码器,它取决于你的设备、音源以及使用场景。追求极致音质且设备支持,可选LDAC、AptX Lossless等;日常通勤或重视续航,AAC或AptX已足够。最终,耳朵收货才是关键。

中文翻译:

蓝牙编解码器是什么?哪种音质最好?
如果你想让蓝牙音频发挥出最佳品质,值得仔细检查一些设置。
蓝牙或许是当下最神秘的技术之一。它以北欧符文为象征,并以一位可能患有严重牙齿问题的国王命名,这种通过空气传输数据的玄妙技术本身就相当难以完全理解。更复杂的是,蓝牙编解码器——它决定了你所听到的音频质量——也需要你费心应对,但只要掌握了相关术语,这些其实比看起来要简单得多。

Codec(编解码器)一词源自“编码器”和“解码器”两个词,它是音频数据从信号源传输到你的蓝牙耳机或音箱时所采用的方式。它们本质上就像不同的语言——都在传达相同的内容(你的音频文件),但不同编解码器的传输方式各不相同。每种编解码器都有不同的限制,你使用的设备也是如此。即便是蓝牙本身,尽管多年来不断改进,所能处理的数据量也有限:它的上限约为2 Mbps,目前没有任何蓝牙设备能够真正处理无损音频,除非同时借助Wi-Fi连接。

了解蓝牙编解码器
哪种蓝牙编解码器最好,取决于具体情况,需要看你使用什么设备来发送和接收音频,以及音频本身的品质。要最好地理解编解码器之间的差异,有几个重要的衡量指标需要了解。简而言之,一切都归结为数据比特数。

比特率:每秒发送多少数据;一次能发送的数据越多,音频原始品质保留得就越多
音频位深:每秒音频所含的比特数,影响接收端能够还原的音频高低频表现;位深越高,动态范围越好
采样率(kHz):每秒对音乐的采样次数——本质上就是对音频快照的捕捉次数。采样越多,快照越精准。音乐制作中最常见的采样率是44.1kHz,意味着每秒捕捉44,100次快照。

标准编解码器是SBC,所有蓝牙设备都支持并内置该编解码器。至于其他编解码器,是否与你的设备兼容则需要逐一确认,因此查看耳机或音箱的详细规格非常重要。有些编解码器,如索尼开发的LDAC和三星的Scalable,属于专有技术,使其支持设备较为小众。虽然AptX系列编解码器支持范围更广,但它仍是高通旗下的编解码器家族,这意味着某些版本(如AptX HD)如果要在电脑上使用,需要特定的授权许可。

哪种蓝牙编解码器最好?
仅从原始数据来看,常见蓝牙编解码器的对比如下:

编解码器 最高比特率 最高音频位深 最高采样率
SBC 345 kbps 16-bit 48 kHz
AAC 264 kbps 16-bit 44.1 kHz
AptX 352 kbps 16-bit 48 kHz
AptX HD 576 kbps 24-bit 48 kHz
AptX Adaptive 420 kbps 24-bit 96 kHz
AptX Lossless 1.2 mbps 24-bit 96 kHz
LDAC 990 kbps 24-bit 96 kHz
LHDC 900 kbps 24-bit 96 kHz
LC3 345 kbps 32-bit 48 kHz
Samsung Scalable 512 kbps 24-bit 44.1 kHz

在给某种编解码器冠以“最佳”称号时,还有其他因素需要考虑。仅仅因为某种编解码器的比特率高于另一种,它的压缩效率未必更高——SBC和AAC就是如此,后者采用了更复杂的算法。其他变量和限制也同样存在,比如SBC的比特率最高可达345 kbps,但制造商为了省电,往往将其限制在256 kbps。

同样,LDAC、AptX Adaptive和Lossless、LHDC及LC3都采用可变比特率,根据连接强度动态调整,因此你可能无法完全享受到编解码器的全部优势。话虽如此,到了一定程度就会出现收益递减,因为人耳只能在有限范围内听出质量差异。一些更高质量的编解码器也会更快地消耗电量,因此并非全天候听歌的最佳选择。

如何切换蓝牙编解码器
取决于你的设备,你也许无法控制所用技术采用的编解码器。例如,苹果设备只支持AAC和SBC。而在安卓设备上,你可以通过激活开发者选项或使用第三方应用来切换编解码器。

通过开发者设置切换编解码器

或者,你也可以使用开发者AmrG DEV开发的“蓝牙编解码器切换器”这类应用。这可能比层层翻阅安卓菜单更省事,还能让你做一些诸如为不同场合设置特定音频配置的事情——比如打电话所需的编解码器设置很可能与专注听音乐时不同——不过其中一些特殊功能需要订阅才能使用。

英文来源:

What is a Bluetooth codec and which one offers the best audio quality?
If you want the best quality out of your Bluetooth audio, it's worth reviewing some settings.
Bluetooth is perhaps one of the most enigmatic technologies around. Fittingly symbolized by Scandinavian runes and named after a king who likely had a nasty dental problem, this mysterious technology that transports data through the air is fairly difficult to fully comprehend in and of itself. To further complicate things, there are Bluetooth codecs — which determine the quality of the audio you hear — to contend with, but these are actually simpler than they seem once you learn the terminology.
Codec comes from the words "coder" and "decoder," and is the method in which your audio data is communicated from the source to your Bluetooth headphones or speakers. They're essentially like different languages — they're all communicating the same thing (your audio files), but doing so differently depending on the codec. Each codec has different limitations, as do the devices you're using. Even Bluetooth itself, despite improvements over the years, can only handle so much data: it caps out at around 2 Mbps, and no Bluetooth device can currently handle true lossless audio unless they simultaneously utilize a Wi-Fi connection.
Understanding Bluetooth codecs
Which Bluetooth codec is best is situational, dependent upon what devices you're using to send and receive audio and the quality of the audio itself. To best understand the difference between codecs, there are a few different measurements that are important to know. In simplified terms, it all comes down to bits of data.
Bit rate: How much data is sent per second; the more data that can be sent at once, the more of the original quality of the audio is preserved
Audio bit depth: This is the number of bits in each second of audio, which impacts the highs and lows of audio able to be communicated on the other side; the higher the bit depth, the better the dynamic range
Sample rate (kHz): The sample rate of the music per second — essentially how many times a snapshot of the audio is captured. The more it's sampled, the more accurate the snapshot. The most common sample rate in music production is 44.1kHz, which means that 44,100 snapshots are captured per second.
The standard codec is SBC, which is receivable by and included on every Bluetooth device. For all other codecs, it's a case-by-case basis for whether they'll be compatible with your device, making it important to check the finer details on your headphones or speakers. Some codecs, like the Sony-developed LDAC and Samsung Scalable, are proprietary, making the tech that supports it more niche. Though AptX codecs are more widely supported, it's still a family of codecs owned by Qualcomm, meaning that some (like AptX HD) require specific licensing if you want to, say, use it on your PC. Looking at just the raw data, this is how the most common Bluetooth codecs compare.
Which Bluetooth codec is best?
Looking at just the raw data, this is how the most common Bluetooth codecs compare:
Codec Max Bit Rate Max Audio Depth Max Sample Rate
SBC
345 kbps
16-bit
48 kHz
AAC
264 kbps
16-bit
44.1 kHz
AptX
352 kbps
16-bit
48 kHz
AptX HD
576 kbps
24-bit
48 kHz
AptX Adaptive
420 kbps
24-bit
96 kHz
AptX Lossless
1.2 mbps
24-bit
96 kHz
LDAC
990 kbps
24-bit
96 kHz
LHDC
900 kbps
24-bit
96 kHz
LC3
345 kbps
32-bit
48 kHz
Samsung Scalable
512 kbps
24-bit
44.1 kHz

There are still other factors to consider when dubbing one codec "best." Just because a certain codec has a higher bit rate than another, it may still compress audio less efficiently — this is the case with SBC versus AAC, where the latter utilizes a more complex algorithm. Other variables and limitations apply as well, like the fact that SBC can have a bit rate of up to 345 kbps, but manufacturers often limit this to 256kbps to prevent battery drain.
Similarly, LDAC, AptX Adaptive and Lossless, LHDC and LC3 all use variable bit rates, adjusting based on the strength of your connection, so you may not reap the full benefits of the codec. That being said, at a certain point there are diminishing returns, as the human ear can only hear qualitative differences up to a certain point. Some of the higher-quality codecs can also drain battery much quicker, so they aren't the best choice for all-day listening.
How to switch Bluetooth codecs
Depending on your device, you may not be able to control which codec your tech is using. Apple devices, for example, only support AAC and SBC. With an Android device, you can toggle your codecs by activating Developer options or third-party apps.
Switching codecs with developer settings

Turn on Bluetooth and connect your accessory

Go to Settings

Select About phone

Select Software information

Press Build number seven times to activate Developer options

Go back to Settings

Select Developer options, then search for codec

Select Bluetooth Audio Codec in the results, then again once your phone navigates there

Select the codec you want and press OK
Alternatively, you can use an app like the Bluetooth Codec Changer from developer AmrG DEV. This can be less cumbersome than navigating Android menus, and also allows you to do things like set specific audio profiles for different occasions — the kind of codec setup you need for phone calls is likely different than dedicated music listening, for example — though some of these special features require a subscription.

Engadget

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