内容来源：https://www.engadget.com/2277629/how-to-stop-spam-calls-iphone-android/

内容总结：

骚扰电话至今仍是困扰许多用户的顽疾。不过，随着安卓和iOS系统自身在骚扰电话识别与拦截方面日益完善，用户已无需依赖第三方应用或付费订阅即可应对这一问题。此外，各大运营商也提供各自的骚扰电话防护功能，部分默认开启，未开启的可通过运营商官网或官方应用手动打开。

iPhone用户可在“设置”中进入“电话”选项，开启“骚扰电话过滤”功能，被运营商识别为骚扰的来电将自动转入语音信箱，并在电话应用的“骚扰”分类中显示。用户还可启用“未知来电者”选项，将非通讯录联系人的来电归入独立列表。在“筛选未知来电者”设置中，用户有三种选择：默认的“从不”让所有来电正常响铃；“静音”最为严格，将所有非通讯录号码的来电静音并转入语音信箱；“询问来电原因”则为折中方案，系统会代接未知来电并询问对方来意，用户可实时查看文字转录后决定是否接听。该功能目前仅在部分国家、运行iOS 26及以上系统的iPhone上可用。建议用户将医生诊所、工作客户等经常联系的号码及时存入通讯录，以免漏接重要电话。

安卓用户方面，大多数安卓手机具备骚扰电话检测功能，但具体能力因机型、系统版本和拨号应用而异。谷歌官方“电话”应用内置来电显示和骚扰检测，多数安卓厂商出厂即预装。若使用其他拨号应用，可在其设置中查找类似功能，或下载谷歌“电话”应用并设为默认。在谷歌“电话”应用中，用户可依次进入“设置”“通话辅助”“来电显示与骚扰电话”，开启“查看来电者与骚扰电话ID”以在接听前获得预警，开启“过滤骚扰电话”则可自动静音可疑来电。上述功能需运行Android 6.0及以上系统，并安装最新版谷歌“电话”应用且设为默认。部分安卓机型，如三星和谷歌Pixel系列，还提供类似iPhone“询问来电原因”的高级筛选功能。Pixel 6及以上用户可在“电话”应用的“设置”“骚扰电话与来电筛选”“来电筛选”中进行配置；支持该功能的三星手机用户可打开“电话”应用，点击右上角三点图标，进入“设置”“来电筛选”进行设置。

中文翻译：

如何帮助阻止iPhone和安卓手机上的骚扰电话
骚扰电话显然不会消失，但我们有办法反击。
骚扰电话本不该再是让人头疼的问题，但不幸的是，它仍然是许多人面临的困扰。Truecaller等服务多年来一直在提供来电识别和骚扰过滤功能。但既然安卓和iOS已经能够很好地自行处理骚扰电话，你就不必依赖第三方应用——更不必付费订阅——来避免不想接的来电。
除了手机自带的功能外，你的运营商可能也提供自己的骚扰防护功能。根据不同公司，这些功能可能默认开启。如果没有，请查看你的在线账户或运营商应用中的骚扰防护开关。
在iPhone上过滤不想接的来电
如果你用的是iPhone，请前往“设置”>“App”>“电话”。最重要的选项在“通话过滤” section下；启用“骚扰电话”后，运营商识别为垃圾来电的号码将不会响铃。它们会被自动转入语音信箱，并在“电话”App的“通话记录”标签页中显示在“骚扰电话”分类下（可通过右上角按钮进入）。
为了进一步保持通话记录整洁，请在同一设置框中启用“未知来电者”选项。启用后，来自非联系人的近期来电会显示在“未知来电者”分类下（可通过前述“电话”App右上角按钮查看）。如有需要，可使用“标记为已知”将某个号码从此分类中移除。
回到设置页面，查看“筛选未知来电者” section，这里有三个选项。“从不”是默认设置，所有来电都会正常响铃。最激进的方式是“静音”，它会将所有不在通讯录中的号码来电静音并转入语音信箱。你可以在“电话”App的同一“通话记录”标签页中查看这些被静音的来电。
“询问来电原因”是一个不错的折中方案；启用后，你的iPhone会筛查未知来电者并询问对方来电原因。你可以在屏幕上查看来电者回复的实时文字转录，并决定这通电话是否值得接听。通话筛查仅在运行iOS 26或更新版本的iPhone上、且仅在部分国家或地区可用。
虽然你的通讯录中应该已经保存了亲友的号码，但请确保也保存其他经常联系你的号码，比如诊所或工作客户的电话。这些选项对于让骚扰者闭嘴非常有效，但你需要更加留意，以免错过未保存号码打来的合法来电。
在安卓上管理骚扰电话
大多数安卓手机都提供通话骚扰检测功能，不过可用性和具体能力因手机型号、安卓版本以及你所使用的拨号应用而异。谷歌官方的“电话”应用是大多数安卓厂商设备预装的应用，它内置了来电显示和骚扰检测功能。如果你的手机使用其他拨号应用，请翻查其设置寻找类似方案，或下载谷歌的“电话”应用并将其设为默认拨号应用。
打开“电话”应用，点击左上角的汉堡菜单（三条横线），选择“设置”。在“通话辅助” section下，点击“来电显示和骚扰电话”。在这里，启用“查看来电者和骚扰信息”，让应用在你接听前警告你有潜在的骚扰来电。如需更进一步，启用“过滤骚扰电话”以自动静音疑似垃圾来电。
你仍然可以在“电话”应用中查看未知来电者的未接来电和语音留言。要让这两项功能正常工作，你需要一台运行Android 6.0或更新版本的手机，安装最新版本的谷歌“电话”应用并将其设为默认应用。
一些安卓手机，包括三星和谷歌的部分机型，提供类似于iPhone上“询问来电原因”功能的增强通话筛查选项。如果你拥有Pixel 6或更新机型，请打开“电话”应用，前往“设置”>“骚扰电话和通话筛查”>“通话筛查”来设置此功能。在受支持的三星手机上，打开“电话”应用，点击右上角的三点图标，前往“设置”>“通话筛查”。

英文来源：

How to help stop spam calls on iPhone and Android
Spam calls are apparently here to stay, but you have ways to fight back.
Spam calls should be a bygone concern, but unfortunately they're still a plague many of us deal with. Services like Truecaller have helped with caller identification and spam filtering for years. But since Android and iOS have gotten great at handling spam calls on their own, you don't need to rely on a third-party app — much less pay a subscription — to avoid unwanted callers.
In addition to functions on your phone, your carrier may offer its own spam protection features. Depending on the company, these might be enabled by default. If not, check your online account or the carrier's app for a spam protection toggle.
Filtering unwanted calls on iPhone
If you have an iPhone, navigate to Settings > Apps > Phone. The most important option is under the Call Filtering section; enable Spam and calls that your carrier identifies as junk won't ring. They'll be automatically sent to voicemail, and in the Phone app's Calls tab, they appear under the Spam section (accessible under the top-right button).
To further keep your call logs tidy, enable the Unknown Callers option in the same Settings box. With this, recent calls from non-contacts appear under the Unknown Callers section (available via the mentioned top-right button in the Phone app). Use Mark as Known to remove a given number from this section if needed.
Back on the Settings page, review the Screen Unknown Callers section, where you have three options. Never is the default, where every incoming call rings normally. The most aggressive approach is Silence, which mutes all incoming calls from numbers not saved in your contacts and sends them to voicemail. You can view these silenced calls on the same Calls tab of the Phone app.
Ask Reason for Calling is a good middle ground; with this, your iPhone will screen unknown callers and ask them why they're calling. You're able to view a live transcript of the caller's response on your screen and decide whether the call is worth answering. Call Screening is only available in select countries on iPhones running iOS 26 or newer.
While you presumably have friends and family saved in your contacts already, make sure to save any other numbers that contact you regularly, like doctors' offices or work clients. These options are great for shutting up spammers, but you'll need to be a little more vigilant to avoid missing legitimate calls from unsaved numbers.
Managing spam calls on Android
Most Android phones offer spam detection for calls, although availability and capabilities vary depending on your phone's model, its Android version and the dialer app you use. The official Phone app by Google is what most Android manufacturers ship with their devices, and it comes with caller ID and spam detection built-in. If your phone uses a different dialer, poke through its settings to look for a similar solution, or download Google's Phone app and set it as the default dialer.
Launch the Phone app, tap the hamburger menu (three horizontal lines) at the top-left and choose Settings. Under the Call Assist section, tap Caller ID and spam. Here, enable See caller and spam ID to have the app warn you of an incoming potential spam call before you answer it. To go further, enable Filter spam calls to automatically silence suspected junk calls.
You can still view missed calls and voicemails from unknown callers in the Phone app. For both of these features to work, you'll need a phone running Android 6.0 or newer, with the latest version of the Phone app by Google installed and set as the default.
Some Android phones, including ones from Samsung and Google, feature enhanced call screening options akin to the Ask Reason for Calling feature on iPhone. If you own a Pixel 6 or newer, launch the Phone app and navigate to Settings > Spam and Call Screen > Call Screen to set up this feature. On supported Samsung phones, open the Phone app, tap the three-dot icon in the top-right corner and navigate to Settings > Call screening.