内容来源：https://www.engadget.com/2289290/wind-turbine-for-home-1kw-power/

内容总结：

1千瓦风力发电机能为家庭提供多少电力？答案取决于风况。在太阳能发电屡创纪录的背景下，住宅用小型风电往往被光伏的耀眼光芒所掩盖。不过，风力发电并非全然不划算，关键在于需求和规模。市面上甚至有可为房车供电的紧凑型风机，因此“家庭”的定义也很重要。

需要指出的是，1千瓦是风机的“峰值”功率，而非实际输出。更有参考价值的是年发电量或月发电量（以千瓦时计）。在选址得当的情况下，1千瓦风机每月可发电约200千瓦时，全年约2400千瓦时，不到美国家庭年均用电量的四分之一。这并非说风机发电能力弱，而是取决于风况。如果所在地区年均风速达到每小时14英里以上，值得考虑；反之则意义不大。1千瓦系统可行，但最好将其定位为对已有节能住宅的补充电源。

选址决定成败。住宅风机实际上要求较高且逐月稳定的平均风速。树木密集、房屋环绕、背靠山丘或附近有大型棚屋的住宅基本不适合安装。这些障碍物不仅阻挡风力，还会产生湍流，降低输出功率并加速风机磨损。美国能源部小风电指南建议，将风轮底部置于塔架水平300英尺范围内任何障碍物上方至少30英尺处。仅这一条就足以说明在郊区安装风机的不现实——除了给邻居增添谈资外别无他用。更麻烦的是，多数地方规划法规将建筑高度限制在约35英尺，而风机往往需要更高才能越过附近树木和屋顶。屋顶安装看似美好，但会将振动和噪音直接传入屋顶，影响休息。

如果确实想用风电，不能只看风资源地图，还需查阅当地规划法规和电力公司规定，并对安装地点的障碍物和主导风向进行全面评估。花钱之前请安装商估算整体发电量也是明智之举。

全屋供电需要更大容量。如果住所是小木屋或长期停放的房车，1千瓦风机尚可一用，但不足以支撑典型美国家庭——年均用电约10500千瓦时（月均约850千瓦时），需要5至15千瓦的住宅风机才能有所贡献。成本也需谨慎：安装一台风机约需2万至5万美元，而产生同等电量的太阳能板约需2500至3500美元（未计补贴）。并网系统还需逆变器，可在有风时抵消部分电网用电；离网系统则需要电池和充电控制器。对多数郊区居民而言，改善保温加装地面或屋顶光伏是更可靠的选择。若坚持风电，最好选择开阔的农村地区，且已验证平均风速并具备立塔条件。

中文翻译：

1千瓦的风力发电机能为你的家庭提供多少电力？
这完全取决于风的情况。
家用风力发电机真的有用吗？答案是相当保留的“有用”。在太阳能发电一路高歌猛进、屡创新高之际，住宅用小型风电往往在阳光下黯然失色（这个双关语不太高明）。不过，风力发电也并非全无胜算，只是有几个前提需要注意。这真的取决于需求和用电规模。市面上甚至有专门为房车供电的紧凑型风机，所以这也取决于你对“家”的定义。
需要重点说明的是，1千瓦是风机的“峰值”功率，并不代表你实际能获得的电量。更有参考价值的数字是年度或月度发电量，以千瓦时计量。在精心选择的安装位置，1千瓦风机每月可产出约200千瓦时，即每年约2400千瓦时。这还不到美国家庭年平均用电量的四分之一。
这并不是说风力发电机发电能力弱——一切取决于风。如果你所在的地区年平均风速达到每小时14英里以上，那就值得考虑。如果不是，或者大风天稀少甚至风速平平，那可能就不太划算。1千瓦系统是可行的，但最好将其定位为对本身已足够节能的住宅的补充电力。
安装位置决定成败
家用风力发电机实际上要求较高且逐月稳定的平均风速。树木环绕的住宅、被其他房屋包围的住宅、位于山丘背面的住宅或有大棚遮挡的住宅都不适合安装。这些障碍物不仅阻挡风力，还会产生湍流，既降低发电量，又加速风机磨损。美国能源部的小型风电指南建议，将风轮底部置于塔架水平300英尺范围内任何障碍物至少30英尺以上的高度。
仅这一条建议就足以说明在郊区社区安装风力发电机的可行性了。除了能成为邻居家的谈资之外，意义不大。更糟的是，大多数地方规划法规将建筑高度限制在35英尺左右，而风力发电机通常需要更高的塔架才能越过附近的树木和屋顶。屋顶安装方案听起来不错，但它会将振动和噪音直接传入你的屋顶——在上班前想补个觉的时候，这个“美妙的副作用”可不太令人愉快。
如果你确实决定采用风力发电，不要只看该地区的风资源分布图，还要查看当地的规划法规和电力公司规定，并对安装地点的障碍物和主导风向进行全面评估。在花掉辛苦挣来的钱之前，请安装商估算整体发电量也是个好主意。
整栋住宅供电需要更大容量
如果你的家是一间小而经济的小木屋或一辆固定停放的房车，1千瓦风力发电机当然是一个选择。然而，它不足以支撑一个典型的美国家庭。普通家庭每年用电约10500千瓦时（每月约850千瓦时），需要5千瓦至15千瓦范围的住宅风机才能对这样的用电量产生实质影响。
成本是另一个需要谨慎行事的理由。安装一台风力发电机，普通消费者大约需要花费2万至5万美元。而安装同等发电量的太阳能电池板大约只需2500至3500美元，这还是在计算补贴之前的价格。
并网系统通常还需要一台逆变器，可以在有风时抵消部分市电用量。离网系统则需要电池和充电控制器来储存电力。对大多数郊区居民来说，改善保温隔热加上安装一些地面或屋顶太阳能电池板，能提供更可靠、更实在的效果。如果你想走风电这条路，最适合的是开阔的农村地区——那里有经过验证的平均风速，也有地方立塔架。

英文来源：

How much power can a 1kW wind turbine produce for your home?
It all depends on the wind.
Do home wind turbines actually work? The answer is a very reserved "yes." With solar energy cruising into record territory, small-scale wind power for residential use tends to get lost in the sun (poor pun intended).There are several caveats, though wind power is not an altogether losing proposition. It really depends on the need and the scale of use. They even make compact turbines for powering RVs, so it also depends on your definition of "home."
It's important to note that a 1 kW turbine is a "peak" power measure, not necessarily what you'll get out of it. The more useful number to look at is annual or monthly energy production, measured in kilowatt-hours. In a carefully chosen position, a 1 kW turbine could feasibly produce 200 kWh per month, or about 2,400 kWh per year. That works out to under a quarter of the average US household's annual energy consumption.
None of this is to say that wind turbines are weak power producers — it just depends on the wind. If you live in an area with annual wind speeds averaging 14+ mph, this is something worth looking into. If not, or if windy days are sparse or even average, maybe not so much. A 1 kW system is feasible, but it's best to look at it in terms of supplemental power for an already efficient home.
Placement determines whether it works
A wind turbine for a home practically requires a high average wind speed that's consistent month-to-month. Homes with lots of trees, surrounded by other homes, behind hills or with large sheds need not apply. Not only do these obstacles block wind, but they also create turbulence, which reduces output and speeds up wear and tear on the turbine. The Department of Energy's small wind guidance recommends placing the bottom of the rotor at least 30 feet above any obstacle within 300 horizontal feet of the tower.
That recommendation alone tells you all you need to know about placing a wind turbine in a suburban neighborhood. It'll make for some interesting conversations at the neighbor's house, and little more. Worse, most local zoning rules limit structures to around 35 feet, and wind turbines often require much more in order to clear nearby trees and rooftops. A rooftop installation option sounds great on paper, but it can transmit vibration and noise directly into your rooftop, a lovely side effect while trying to catch some Zs before work.
If you're sold on wind power, look beyond your region's wind map, check local zoning and utility rules and conduct a thorough assessment of your site's obstacles and average wind direction. It's also a good idea to get an installer to estimate overall production before spending your hard-earned dough.
A whole-house turbine needs much more capacity
If your home is a small, economical little cabin or a permanently parked RV, a 1kW wind turbine is certainly an option. However, it's not enough to power a typical US home. The average household uses about 10,500 kWh of electricity per year (around 850 kWh per month), and a residential turbine in the 5 kW to 15 kW range is necessary to put a dent in that power consumption.
Cost is another reason to proceed with a bit of caution. It'll run the average consumer between $20,000 and $50,000 to toss up a wind turbine. Installing solar panels with the same energy production in mind is roughly $2,500 to $3,500, and that's before incentives are calculated in.
A grid-connected system typically requires an inverter as well and can offset some utility use when the wind is blowing. Off-grid systems will require batteries and a charge controller to store power. For the majority of suburban dwellers, improving insulation and tossing in some ground- or roof-mounted solar panels will provide more dependable, solid results. If you want to go the wind route, it makes the most sense in open, rural areas that have verified average wind speeds and a place to put your tower.