伊利亚·苏茨克弗坚持自己在山姆·奥特曼被OpenAI解雇事件中的立场:“我不希望它被摧毁”

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伊利亚·苏茨克弗坚持自己在山姆·奥特曼被OpenAI解雇事件中的立场:“我不希望它被摧毁”

内容来源:https://www.wired.com/story/ilya-sutskever-testifies-musk-v-altman-trial/

内容总结:

庭审进入尾声:前首席科学家爆料持股 OpenAI 盈利部门价值 70 亿美元,与奥特曼关系决裂

当地时间周一,埃隆·马斯克起诉 OpenAI 及微软一案进入庭审最后阶段。微软 CEO 萨提亚·纳德拉、OpenAI 前首席科学家伊利亚·苏茨克沃以及现任董事会主席布雷特·泰勒先后出庭作证,其中苏茨克沃的证词尤为引人关注。

苏茨克沃自曝持有巨额股份:价值 70 亿美元

庭审中,苏茨克沃透露,他持有 OpenAI 估值 8500 亿美元的盈利性部门股份,目前价值约 70 亿美元,这使他成为 OpenAI 已知最大的个人股东之一。此前,OpenAI 总裁格雷格·布罗克曼也在庭审中首次承认,他持有价值约 300 亿美元的 OpenAI 股份。

布罗克曼是 OpenAI 的联合创始人,而苏茨克沃在 OpenAI 成立后不久便加入,为此拒绝了谷歌提供的 600 万美元年薪。布罗克曼形容两人曾是“形影不离的伙伴”,直到 2023 年苏茨克沃参与策划了短暂罢免 CEO 山姆·奥特曼事件。苏茨克沃当时负责收集证据,以证明奥特曼涉嫌欺骗行为,甚至协助起草了提交给董事会的备忘录。尽管事后双方试图修复关系,但 OpenAI 的律师表示,苏茨克沃自此与布罗克曼、奥特曼彻底疏远。

苏茨克沃当天身着衬衫和西裤出庭,是首位未穿西装外套作证的男性证人。谈及离开 OpenAI (他于 2024 年离职并创立了竞争性 AI 实验室)时,他神情落寞,坦言:“我对 OpenAI 有很强的归属感,我倾注了全部心血,只是希望它不要被毁掉。”

坚定支持马斯克论点,称奥特曼不适合引领 AGI

苏茨克沃的证词支持了马斯克的核心论点:奥特曼不是领导可能创造出通用人工智能(AGI)的实验室的合适人选。他特别提到,自己曾领导的“超级对齐”团队(专注于未来模型安全)是 OpenAI “长期”最重要的工作,但该团队在他离职后不久,于 2024 年 5 月被解散。

证词同时利好 OpenAI:盈利是共识,马斯克未获特殊承诺

然而,苏茨克沃的证词也为 OpenAI 的辩护提供了支撑。他表示,马斯克在资助 OpenAI 非营利部门时,从未协商过任何特殊承诺。马斯克指控奥特曼和布罗克曼违背了这些承诺,转而追求盈利性业务,这是其诉讼的核心主张。苏茨克沃称,OpenAI 需要“大量资金”来建造堪比人脑的超级计算机,尽管在寻求捐赠方面取得了一定成功,但转型为营利性公司是“共识之路”。“没有钱,就没有大电脑,”苏茨克沃如此形容资金对算力的关键作用。

纳德拉:马斯克的法律团队未能将苏茨克沃定为“敌意证人”

马斯克的法律团队曾试图将苏茨克沃视为“敌意证人”,理由是他与 OpenAI 存在经济利益,但未能成功。主审法官伊冯·冈萨雷斯·罗杰斯因苏茨克沃在本案中“独特的地位”,同意给予双方律师在提问时更大的自由。

2023 年“宫斗”细节还原:纳德拉称解雇流程“业余”

当天大部分庭审聚焦于 2023 年 11 月奥特曼被罢免并复职的细节。纳德拉将苏茨克沃及其他董事会成员解雇奥特曼的做法形容为“业余”,并重申他“从未搞清楚”董事会所依据的“不坦诚”问题。纳德拉承认,他与同事们曾讨论过如果奥特曼回归,新董事会的 14 位潜在人选,其中至少两人被微软方面否决。

苏茨克沃则辩称,支持解雇奥特曼是因为“高管无法获取正确信息的环境”不利于实现宏大目标。但他也批评董事会当时“仓促行事、缺乏经验”,并接受了“不是很好的法律建议”。

微软与 OpenAI 合作内幕:前年惊呼“明年要亏 40 亿”

马斯克在诉讼中指控微软将 OpenAI 变成了超出其初衷的“赚钱机器”。纳德拉作证称,微软最初以折扣价为 OpenAI 提供云计算服务,但“一旦账单开始增加”,微软便无法承受。设立一个微软可以投资并获取财务回报的盈利部门,对双方都更合适。

随着合作深入、成本飙升,微软希望从合作中获得更多。纳德拉在 2022 年发给下属的邮件中写道:“微软明年将在 OpenAI 上亏损 40 亿美元!!!”他要求重新谈判协议,确保微软能获得这家初创公司的 AI “专有技术”。他写道:“如果我们花这么多钱,却无法掌控自己的命运,那毫无意义。”

马斯克的律师指控纳德拉曾推动 OpenAI 创收。他们展示的短信显示,2023 年初纳德拉敦促奥特曼“尽快”为 ChatGPT 推出付费订阅服务,并在几周后询问注册用户数量。

事实证明,这笔合作对微软极为成功。截至 2025 年 3 月,微软已通过 OpenAI 获得 95 亿美元收入,OpenAI 承诺将其 20% 的收入分享给微软。如果 OpenAI 产生利润,微软的收益将略高于 OpenAI 的非营利所有者。纳德拉认为,鉴于微软早期承担的风险以及 OpenAI 并非普通公司,这一安排是公平的。

董事会主席力挺奥特曼:他坦诚且超预期

OpenAI 董事会主席布雷特·泰勒在当天最后作证时给予奥特曼高度评价。他表示,奥特曼在涉及自身持股的 Reddit 内容和技术交易中主动回避,但又在谈判陷入诉讼危机时出手“降温”。泰勒总结道:“他对我和其他董事会成员一直很坦诚,并以超出我预期的方式发展了 OpenAI。”

奥特曼定于周二出庭作证,向陪审团讲述自己的立场。

中文翻译:

埃隆·马斯克对OpenAI和微软的诉讼案于周一进入最后阶段,微软首席执行官萨提亚·纳德拉、OpenAI前首席科学家伊利亚·苏茨克弗以及现任OpenAI董事会主席布雷特·泰勒出庭作证。
苏茨克弗成为焦点,他披露自己在OpenAI价值8500亿美元的营利性部门中持有股份,目前价值约70亿美元。这使他成为已知的OpenAI最大个人股东之一。在庭审早些时候,OpenAI总裁格雷格·布罗克曼首次承认自己持有约300亿美元的OpenAI股份。
布罗克曼是该实验室的原始联合创始人之一,苏茨克弗随后加入,拒绝了谷歌每年600万美元的薪资。布罗克曼称,他和苏茨克弗曾“形影不离”,直到2023年苏茨克弗协助领导了萨姆·奥尔特曼短暂被罢免OpenAI首席执行官的事件。苏茨克弗曾帮助收集证据,显示奥尔特曼所谓的欺骗历史,甚至协助起草了一份提交给董事会的备忘录。OpenAI的一名律师周一表示,尽管他们试图修复关系,但苏茨克弗自那以后一直与布罗克曼和奥尔特曼疏远。
苏茨克弗身穿衬衫和休闲裤出庭,是第一位没有穿西装外套作证的男性证人,他似乎对不再参与OpenAI感到沮丧。(他于2024年离开并成立了一家竞争性AI实验室。)“我对OpenAI有很强的归属感,”他在周一某个时刻说道,“我觉得我把自己的一生都投入其中,我只是关心它,不希望它被摧毁。”
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苏茨克弗的证词支持了马斯克的观点,即奥尔特曼不是领导可能创造通用人工智能的AI实验室的合适人选。此外,苏茨克弗还提到,他参与领导的超级对齐团队——专注于未来模型的安全性——在OpenAI从事“长期”最重要的工作。该团队于2024年5月解散,就在苏茨克弗离开公司后不久。
但苏茨克弗也为OpenAI的辩护增添了内容,即马斯克在资助OpenAI非营利组织时从未协商过任何特殊承诺。马斯克声称存在此类承诺,而奥尔特曼和布罗克曼通过追求利润丰厚的营利性部门违反了这些承诺,这是他诉讼的核心。苏茨克弗表示,OpenAI需要“大量资金”来建造与人脑一样大的计算机,虽然在寻求捐赠方面取得了一些“合理成功”,但成为营利性组织是前进的共识。
“我会将其描述为蚂蚁和猫之间的区别,”苏茨克弗在回答美国地区法官伊冯·冈萨雷斯·罗杰斯关于更多计算能力如何帮助OpenAI升级的问题时说,“如果没有资金,就没有大型计算机。”
最终,这位在业余时间画画的著名AI科学家苏茨克弗作证了大约一个小时,在证人席上几乎不与任何人进行眼神接触。
马斯克的法律团队曾试图将苏茨克弗视为敌对证人,但未成功,因为他在OpenAI拥有财务利益。但冈萨雷斯·罗杰斯同意让马斯克和OpenAI的律师在询问苏茨克弗时拥有更大自由度,因为她认为此案中苏茨克弗处于“独特位置”。

小插曲
周一的大部分证词都集中在2023年11月奥尔特曼被罢免和复职这一广为人知的事件上。纳德拉将苏茨克弗和其他董事会成员解雇奥尔特曼描述为“业余行为”,并重申他“从未搞清楚”导致他们做出决定的缺乏坦诚的问题。纳德拉还在证词中承认,他和同事们讨论了如果奥尔特曼回归,可能加入OpenAI的14位潜在董事会成员,其中至少两人被微软集团否决,一人后来加入。纳德拉将微软的意见描述为建议。
苏茨克弗表示,他支持解雇奥尔特曼,因为“高管没有正确信息的环境”不利于“实现任何宏大目标”。但他批评董事会同事仓促行事、缺乏经验,并接受了“不太好的法律建议”。

微软的赌注
马斯克在诉讼中指控微软帮助将OpenAI转变为超出其初衷的赚钱机器。纳德拉作证说,微软最初以折扣云计算服务支持OpenAI,但“一旦账单开始上涨”,就再也负担不起了。一个微软可以投资并换取潜在财务回报的营利性部门更可行。
但随着时间推移,账单不断上升,微软希望从合作中获得更多。微软“明年将亏损40亿美元!!!”纳德拉在2022年发给副手的一封关于OpenAI合作的电子邮件中惊呼。他呼吁达成一项新协议,确保微软也能从这家初创公司获得AI“技术诀窍”,他始终将其拼写为“Open AI”。
“如果我们花这么多钱却不能掌控自己的命运,那就毫无意义,”纳德拉写道。
马斯克的律师指控纳德拉推动OpenAI创收,他们展示2023年初的短信,其中纳德拉告诉奥尔特曼“越早越好”为ChatGPT提供付费订阅,并在仅几周后询问注册人数。
对微软而言,这项合作成果显著。截至2025年3月,微软已从OpenAI获得95亿美元销售额,包括通过一项协议,该研究实验室将其20%的收入与这家科技巨头分成。如果这家AI公司产生利润,微软的收益也将略高于OpenAI的非营利所有者。纳德拉辩称,考虑到微软早期承担的风险,这一安排是公平的,并指出如果OpenAI是一家普通公司,其利润份额会更大。

OpenAI董事会主席布雷特·泰勒在周一结束时对奥尔特曼给予了高度评价。他指出,奥尔特曼在2024年与Reddit签署一项内容和技术协议时回避了审批,因为他持有Reddit股份。泰勒表示,当与Reddit的谈判开始走向潜在诉讼时,奥尔特曼确实介入以帮助“缓和气氛”。“他对我和其他董事会成员一直坦诚相待,并以超出我预期的方式发展了OpenAI,”他补充道。
奥尔特曼定于周二向陪审团陈述自己的说法。
本文是麦克斯韦尔·泽夫《模型行为》时事通讯的一期。在此处阅读往期通讯。

英文来源:

Elon Musk’s trial against OpenAI and Microsoft entered its final stretch on Monday, with testimony from Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella, former OpenAI chief scientist Ilya Sutskever, and current OpenAI chairman Bret Taylor.
Sutskever drew the spotlight, revealing an ownership stake in OpenAI’s $850-billion for-profit arm that is currently worth about $7 billion. That makes him one of the largest known individual shareholders of OpenAI. Earlier in the trial, OpenAI president Greg Brockman acknowledged for the first time that he has around $30 billion worth of OpenAI shares.
Brockman was one of the research lab’s original cofounders, and Sutskever joined shortly afterward, turning down a $6 million annual compensation offer from Google. Brockman said he and Sutskever were “joined at the hip,” until Sutskever helped lead Sam Altman’s brief removal as OpenAI CEO in 2023. Sutskever had helped collect evidence to show Altman’s alleged history of deception, and even assisted in drafting a memo to the board. Though they tried to repair the relationship, Sutskever has been estranged from Brockman and Altman ever since, a lawyer for OpenAI said on Monday.
Sutskever, who arrived in the courtroom wearing a dress shirt and slacks, the first male witness to testify without a suit jacket, appeared to be dejected about no longer being involved with OpenAI. (He left and formed a competing AI lab in 2024.) “I felt a great deal of ownership of OpenAI,” he said at one point Monday. “I felt like I put my life into it, and I simply cared for it, and I didn’t want it to be destroyed.”
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Sutskever’s testimony bolstered Musk’s contention that Altman is not the right person to lead an AI lab that could create artificial general intelligence. In addition, Sutskever mentioned how the superalignment team he helped lead, which focused on the safety of future models, was doing the most important work at OpenAI “for the long term.” The team was disbanded in May 2024, shortly after Sutskever left the company.
But Sutskever also added to OpenAI’s defense that Musk never negotiated any special promises when funding the OpenAI nonprofit. Musk’s allegation that such commitments existed and that Altman and Brockman violated them by pursuing a lucrative for-profit arm are the core of his claims in the lawsuit. Sutskever said OpenAI needed “a lot of dollars” to build a computer as big as the human brain, and while seeking donations had some “reasonable success,” becoming a for-profit was the consensus way forward.
“I would describe it as the difference between an ant and a cat,” Sutskever said in response to a question from US district judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers about how more computing helped OpenAI level up. “If there’s no funding, there is no big computer.”
In the end, Sutskever, a prominent AI scientist who paints in his spare time, testified for about an hour, barely making eye contact with anyone during his time on the witness stand.
Musk’s legal team had unsuccessfully sought to treat Sutskever as a hostile witness because of his financial stake in OpenAI. But Gonzalez Rogers agreed to give attorneys for both Musk and OpenAI extra leeway in their questioning of Sutskever due to what she described as his “unique position” in the case.
The Blip
Much of Monday’s testimony centered around the well-covered events of Altman’s ouster and reinstatement as CEO in November 2023. Nadella described Sutskever and other board members firing Altman as “amateur city” and reiterated that he “never got clarity” about the lack of candor that led to their decision. Nadella also acknowledged during his testimony that he and colleagues discussed 14 potential board members who would join OpenAI if Altman returned, including at least two whom the Microsoft group vetoed and one who later joined. Nadella described Microsoft’s input as suggestions.
Sutskever said he supported firing Altman because an “environment where executives don’t have the correct information” is not “conducive to reach any grand goal.” But he criticized his board colleagues for rushing the process, lacking experience, and accepting “legal advice that wasn’t very good.”
Microsoft’s Bet
In his lawsuit, Musk accused Microsoft of helping to transform OpenAI into a moneymaking machine beyond what Musk intended. Nadella testified that Microsoft had first supported OpenAI with discounted cloud computing but it could no longer afford to do so “once the bill started going up.” A for-profit arm that Microsoft could invest in, in exchange for a potential financial return, was more palatable.
But as the years progressed and the bills kept rising, Microsoft wanted more out of the partnership. Microsoft “will lose 4 bil next year!!!” Nadella exclaimed in an email in 2022 to his lieutenants about the OpenAI partnership. He called for a new agreement ensuring Microsoft would also get AI “know-how” from the startup, which he kept spelling as “Open AI.”
“If we are going to spend this kind of money and not have control of destiny, it makes no sense,” Nadella wrote.
Musk’s attorneys allege Nadella pushed OpenAI to generate revenue, showing text messages from early 2023 in which Nadella told Altman “sooner is best” to offer paying subscriptions for ChatGPT and then asked about the number of signups just a couple of weeks later.
The partnership has worked out well for Microsoft. As of March 2025, Microsoft had generated $9.5 billion in sales from OpenAI, including through an agreement where the research lab sharess 20 percent of its revenue with the tech giant. Microsoft also stands to benefit slightly more than OpenAI’s nonprofit owner if the AI company ever generates profits. Nadella contended the setup was fair given the risks Microsoft took early on and noting that its claim on profits would be even bigger if OpenAI were a regular company.
OpenAI chairman Bret Taylor ended Monday by giving Altman a glowing review. He noted that Altman had recused himself from approving a content and technology deal signed in 2024 with Reddit, in which he holds a stake. Altman did get involved to help “bring down the temperature” when negotiations with Reddit started veering toward a potential lawsuit, Taylor said. “He’s been forthright with me and the other board members and grown OpenAI in ways that have exceeded my expectations,” he added.
Altman is scheduled to tell his side of the story to jurors on Tuesday.
This is an edition of Maxwell Zeff’s Model Behavior newsletter. Read previous newsletters here.

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