艾伦研究所的重大新计划:投入2亿美元,目标从绘制脑图谱转向治疗疾病

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艾伦研究所的重大新计划:投入2亿美元,目标从绘制脑图谱转向治疗疾病

内容来源:https://www.geekwire.com/2026/allen-institutes-big-new-bet-200m-initiative-aims-to-go-from-mapping-the-brain-to-treating-disease/

内容总结:

保罗·艾伦生前创立的大脑研究机构艾伦研究所,如今正将其多年积累的脑图谱知识转化为脑疾病的治疗方案。该机构于本周二宣布启动一项名为“脑健康加速器”的新计划,初始资金达2亿美元,最终目标是开发针对阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病和肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)等神经退行性疾病的基因疗法。

“脑健康加速器”是艾伦研究所内部新设立的部门,由原有的脑科学部门组建而成,目前拥有近60名研究人员,未来预计将扩展至200人规模。这是自2003年已故微软联合创始人保罗·艾伦创立该所以来,首次将治疗疾病作为核心目标,这建立在其长期开展的大脑图谱绘制工作基础之上。

艾伦研究所执行副总裁兼“脑健康加速器”负责人埃德·莱恩表示,其目标在于“开发一种全新的治疗方案,不是针对某种蛋白质,而是针对疾病影响到的神经回路中的细胞”。他强调:“这可能是神经科学以及我们对脑疾病治疗认知的变革性时刻,因为目前的做法并非如此。”

资金方面,“脑健康加速器”的核心2亿美元来自艾伦遗产设立的“科学与技术基金”,该基金初始捐赠额为31亿美元,用于支持生物科学、环境和人工智能领域的研究。艾伦于2018年去世,其遗产收益被指示用于慈善事业。其妹妹乔迪·艾伦负责监督出售包括西雅图海鹰队和波特兰开拓者队在内的体育资产,预计大部分收益将流入该基金会的科学与技术项目。

这笔资金将支撑“脑健康加速器”运行14年以上,莱恩预计随着合作伙伴的加入,总资金还会增长。此外,该项目还将争取联邦资金,包括美国国立卫生研究院的拨款。莱恩称与NIH的关系是互利共赢的:慈善资金建设研究基础设施,联邦拨款帮助其大规模运行,最终数据成为公共资源,甚至可以说是“公私合作”。

该计划基于艾伦研究所二十多年来绘制大脑图谱的成果。近年来单细胞基因组学的进展让研究人员能够以前所未有的分辨率对人类大脑进行分类,根据基因定义了数千种不同的细胞类型。莱恩形容这“相当于人类基因组与谷歌地球的结合”,是一张让科学家首次能在特定细胞和回路层面观察疾病的参考图谱。

这张图谱也为治疗疾病提供了新机会:它显示了在特定细胞类型中激活基因的“基因开关”,让研究人员能够设计针对这些细胞的工具,最终可能开发出只作用于疾病影响细胞的基因疗法。

“脑健康加速器”设定的目标是在五年内进入临床试验阶段。莱恩未明确首个试验针对哪种疾病,但承认ALS(肌萎缩侧索硬化症)前景看好——研究人员已知该疾病攻击脊髓和大脑皮层的运动神经元,部分病例还有明确的遗传原因,且ALS进展迅速,患者更愿意接受实验性疗法。“我们以前从未这样做过,”莱恩说,“我们一直以来的工作性质是描述性的,现在我们要利用这些知识和工具做点什么。”

人工智能的最新进展,包括基础模型,为研究人员提供了寻找疾病发展模式和建模的新方法。莱恩表示,数据规模将前所未有,非常适合基础建模和AI新方法。合作伙伴包括亚马逊云服务(AWS),以及与艾伦研究所独立的西雅图组织艾伦人工智能研究所(Ai2)。此外,“脑健康加速器”还邀请了超过24所大学和研究机构合作,包括华盛顿大学、斯坦福大学、麻省理工学院、弗雷德·哈钦森癌症研究中心、患者倡导组织EverythingALS,以及英国桑格研究所和日本理化学研究所等国际合作伙伴。

自2004年加入艾伦研究所并成为首位神经科学家的莱恩感慨,如今的工作终于开始实现保罗·艾伦更宏大的愿景。“我感觉非常好,同时也非常难过保罗不能亲眼看到这一切。他充满好奇心,志向远大,他希望我们最终能做出对人类健康有影响的事情。我认为我们现在终于做到了。”

中文翻译:

由保罗·艾伦创立的旨在绘制并理解人类大脑复杂性的组织,如今正致力于将这些来之不易的知识转化为脑部疾病的治疗方法。
艾伦研究所于周二宣布,将启动一项新计划,初始资金为2亿美元,最终目标是开发针对阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病和肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)等神经退行性疾病的基因疗法。
这项名为“脑健康加速器”的计划是位于西雅图的艾伦研究所内部新成立的部门,由其现有的脑科学分部组建而成。该团队初期约有60人,预计未来将逐步扩展至200人规模。
这是自该研究所于2003年由已故微软联合创始人艾伦创立以来,首次将治疗疾病作为目标——这一切都建立在其长期从事的大脑图谱绘制工作基础上。
艾伦研究所执行副总裁兼脑健康加速器主任埃德·莱因本周在接受GeekWire采访时表示,其目标是“打造一种全新的疗法,不是针对某种蛋白质,而是针对疾病影响到的神经回路中的细胞。”
莱因说:“这对神经科学以及我们思考脑部疾病治疗方式来说,都可能是一个变革性的时刻,因为目前的做法并非如此。”
资金来源方面:该加速器的核心2亿美元资金来自“科学和技术基金”,该基金由艾伦的遗产以31亿美元的初始捐赠设立,用于支持生物科学、环境和人工智能领域的工作。
艾伦于2018年去世,他指示其遗产收益用于慈善事业。他的妹妹乔迪·艾伦担任基金会主席,正在监督其体育资产(包括西雅图海鹰队和波特兰开拓者队)的出售,预计大部分收益将流向基金会的科学和技术工作。
对这项新“脑健康加速器”的承诺将持续14年以上,莱因表示,随着该计划增加合作伙伴,加速器的总资金预计将增长。
该计划还将利用联邦资金,包括美国国立卫生研究院的拨款。当被问及联邦科学资金紧缩的影响时,莱因将与美国国立卫生研究院的关系描述为互惠互利:慈善事业构建研究基础设施,联邦拨款帮助其大规模运行,由此产生的数据则成为公共资源。
“你甚至可以称之为公私合作伙伴关系,”他说。“我不能说没有他们我们就做不成事,但可以说没有他们我们无法做得这么多。”
从大脑图谱到疗法:该计划建立在艾伦研究所二十多年的大脑图谱绘制工作基础之上。近年来单细胞基因组学的进展让研究人员能够以前所未有的分辨率对人类大脑进行编目,根据基因定义了数千种不同的细胞类型。
莱因称之为“相当于人类基因组遇上谷歌地图”——一张参考图谱,让科学家首次能够在特定细胞和神经回路层面观察疾病。
同一张图谱为治疗疾病提供了新的机会。它显示了在特定细胞类型中开启基因的遗传开关,这让研究人员能够设计出针对这些细胞的工具。潜在的结果是形成一种只作用于疾病所影响细胞的基因疗法。
未来展望:该加速器的既定目标是在五年内进入临床试验。
莱因谨慎地未透露首个试验将针对哪种疾病,但承认ALS看起来很有希望。研究人员已经知道该疾病攻击哪些细胞——脊髓和大脑皮层中的运动神经元——并且在某些情况下还知道其遗传病因。ALS病程进展迅速,这也可能使患者更愿意尝试实验性疗法。
“我们以前从未做过这样的事,”莱因说。“我们一直以来天性偏重描述性研究,而现在,我们想要利用这些知识和工具去做一些事情。”
人工智能的角色:包括基础模型在内的最新人工智能进展,为研究人员提供了发现模式并模拟疾病发展的新方法。
“数据规模之大将真正前所未有,这非常适合基础模型和人工智能的新方法,”莱因说。
该计划的合作伙伴包括亚马逊云服务(AWS),艾伦研究所已与其合作多年。莱因表示,该研究所也开始与艾伦人工智能研究所(简称Ai2)合作,这是艾伦在华盛顿州西雅图独立创立的组织。
该加速器的合作方包括二十多所大学和研究机构,例如华盛顿大学、斯坦福大学、麻省理工学院、弗雷德·哈钦森癌症研究中心以及患者倡导组织“一切为了ALS”(EverythingALS);国际合作伙伴包括英国桑格研究所和日本理化学研究所。
艾伦的遗产:莱因自2004年起就在艾伦研究所工作,当时他是该所的第一位神经科学家。他说,这项工作如今开始实现艾伦更宏大的抱负。
“我感觉非常好,同时也非常难过,因为保罗不在了,无法见证这一切,”莱因说。“他充满好奇心,但又雄心勃勃,他期望我们最终能做出对人类健康有影响的事情。我想我们终于做到了。”

英文来源:

The organization that Paul Allen founded to map and understand the complexities of the human brain is now looking to turn that hard-won knowledge into treatments for brain disease.
The Allen Institute is announcing Tuesday that it’s launching a new initiative with $200 million in initial funding and the ultimate goal of developing gene therapies for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and ALS.
The initiative, called the Brain Health Accelerator, is a newly created unit within the Seattle-based Allen Institute, formed out of its existing Brain Science division. Starting with nearly 60 people, it’s expected to expand to a 200-person effort over time.
It’s the first time since the institute was started in 2003 by the late Microsoft co-founder that treating disease is becoming the goal, building on its longstanding work to map the brain.
The goal is “a whole new brand of therapeutics that, instead of targeting a protein, targets the cells in the circuits that are affected in disease,” said Ed Lein, Allen Institute executive vice president and director of the Brain Health Accelerator, in an interview with GeekWire this week.
“This could be a transformative moment for both neuroscience and how we think about treating brain diseases, because this is not what’s happening now,” Lein said.
How it’s funded: The accelerator’s core $200 million in funding comes from the Fund for Science and Technology, which Allen’s estate launched with an initial $3.1 billion endowment to support work in bioscience, the environment, and AI.
Allen, who died in 2018, directed that proceeds from his estate go to philanthropy. His sister, Jody Allen, who chairs the foundation, is overseeing the sale of assets including his sports franchises, the Seattle Seahawks and Portland Trail Blazers, with a large portion of the proceeds expected to flow to the foundation’s science and technology work.
The commitment to the new Brain Health Accelerator runs over 14 years, and Lein said he expects the accelerator’s total funding to grow as the initiative adds partners.
It will also draw on federal funding, including grants from the National Institutes of Health. Asked about the impact of the squeeze on federal science funding, Lein described the relationship with NIH as mutually beneficial: philanthropy builds research infrastructure, federal grants help run it at scale, and the resulting data becomes a public resource.
“You could call it even a public-private partnership,” he said. “I wouldn’t say we can’t do it without them, but I would say we can’t do as much without them.”
Going from brain maps to therapies: The initiative builds on the Allen Institute’s more than two decades of work mapping the brain. Advances in single-cell genomics in recent years let researchers catalog the human brain at a resolution not previously possible, defining thousands of distinct cell types by their genes.
Lein called it “the equivalent of the human genome meets Google Earth” — a reference map that lets scientists see disease at the level of specific cells and circuits for the first time.
The same map provides new opportunities to treat disease. It shows the genetic switches that turn genes on in specific cell types, which lets researchers design tools to target those cells. The potential outcome is a gene therapy that acts only on the cells a disease affects.
What’s ahead: The accelerator’s stated goal is to reach a clinical trial within five years.
Lein was careful not to say which disease might be the subject of the first trial, but acknowledged that ALS looks promising. Researchers already know which cells the disease attacks — motor neurons in the spinal cord and cortex — and in some cases its genetic cause. ALS also progresses quickly, which can make patients more willing to try experimental therapies.
“We haven’t done this before,” Lein said. “We’ve been descriptive in our nature for our whole existence, and now we want to try to do something with that knowledge and those tools.”
The role of artificial intelligence: Recent advances in AI, including foundation models, give researchers new ways to find patterns and model how disease develops.
“The size of the data is really going to be unlike anything we’ve done before, and that’s incredibly well-suited to foundation modeling and new methods in AI,” Lein said.
Partners on the initiative include Amazon Web Services, which the Allen Institute has worked with for years. Lein said the institute is also beginning to collaborate with the Allen Institute for AI, or Ai2, the independent Seattle-based organization that Allen founded separately.
The accelerator’s collaborators include more than two dozen universities and research institutions, including the University of Washington, Stanford, MIT, Fred Hutch, and the patient-advocacy group EverythingALS, with international partners such as the Sanger Institute in the U.K. and Riken in Japan.
Allen’s legacy: Lein has been at the Allen Institute since 2004, when he joined as its first neuroscientist. He said the work is now starting to realize Allen’s larger ambitions.
“I feel really good, and really sad that Paul’s not here to appreciate it,” Lein said. “He was very curiosity-driven, but ambitious, and he hoped that we would eventually get to things that had an impact on human health. I think we’re finally there.”

Geekwire

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