各国政府及组织如何借助谷歌的人工智能突破来提升危机应对能力

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各国政府及组织如何借助谷歌的人工智能突破来提升危机应对能力

内容来源:https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/technology/research/technology-global-crisis-resilience/

内容总结:

联合国报告:谷歌AI技术助力全球灾害预警与应急响应能力提升

随着极端天气和自然灾害日益频繁,联合国今日发布《利用人工智能增强多灾种预警系统》报告,重点阐述了科技在保障社区安全中的关键作用。自COP27联合国“全民预警”倡议启动以来,谷歌始终积极参与其中。

过去十年,谷歌团队通过危机韧性研究,在灾害全球监测与预测领域实现了基于人工智能的多项突破。通过与合作伙伴协作,并开发为数十亿人提供有用信息的产品,谷歌正朝着“无人因自然灾害而措手不及”的目标稳步推进。

灾害预测与准备
及时的气象预报和预测使政府、人道组织及社区能在灾害发生前采取行动。2025年飓风季,美国国家飓风中心使用谷歌的天气预测模型(WeatherNext),提前五天成功预测飓风“梅丽莎”历史性地登陆牙买加,为国家气象局向公众预警争取了宝贵时间。在尼日利亚阿达马瓦州,联合国人道主义事务协调厅(OCHA)利用谷歌河流洪水预测启动了“洪水预期行动方案”,当预报显示高洪水风险时,立即触发避难所准备等早期干预措施。非政府组织GiveDirectly在尼日利亚科吉州也采用类似方法,在洪水来临前通过谷歌预测数据向家庭发放现金,使居民得以安全撤离并购买沙袋等物资保护财产。

谷歌的洪水预测信息现已在“洪水中心”(Flood Hub)平台上线,覆盖超过150个国家、约20亿面临严重洪水风险的居民。谷歌正与合作伙伴持续提升预测能力。世界气象组织(WMO)及捷克、尼日利亚、乌拉圭、越南的国家水文机构已联合启动试点项目,评估本地数据对人工智能在区域河流流域预测的影响。研究发现,将本地径流数据整合进全球AI模型,可显著改善无监测区域的预测精度。相关研究结果将于近期公布,展示了全球AI模型与本地专业知识结合的价值,为人工智能更好地支持国家预测工作提供了范本。

为推进研究,谷歌近期开源了城市山洪数据集“Groundsource”及水文建模框架,帮助专家在完全掌控本地数据的前提下开发新方法。谷歌与捷克水文气象研究所(CHMI)共同测试该框架,后者开发了一个适配器,使本国及其他国家水文服务机构能在标准工作流程中使用该模型。

在野火防控方面,谷歌利用卫星图像在“搜索”和“地图”中追踪火灾边界,目前已覆盖34个国家。谷歌与地球火灾联盟及Muon Space合作,开发了专用卫星星座“FireSat”,旨在提供前所未有的野火数据集,帮助消防机构在野火蔓延前全球范围内更快发现火情。今天早些时候,三颗新型FireSat卫星已从加利福尼亚州范登堡太空军基地发射。

危机时刻的生命救援预警
危机发生时,获取可靠、权威的信息至关重要。仅2025年,谷歌平均每天帮助用户获取危机相关信息超过1000万次。

谷歌分发的警告中包含“公共警报”,通过通用警报协议(CAP)推送来自官方机构的预警信息。目前,这些公共警报已涵盖来自美国国家气象局、英国气象局、巴西国家风险管理与灾害防治中心(CENAD)等90多个国家合作伙伴的数据。谷歌鼓励更多国家发布CAP警报。

当官方发布警报时,这些信息可出现在“搜索”、“地图”以及安卓系统通知中,确保恶劣天气警告、洪水更新等公共安全信息以及民众所需的具体避险措施,能够快速、直接地传达到每个人手中。

尽管有效预警地震仍是重大挑战,但谷歌在震中以外地区的预警方面取得了进展。上个月委内瑞拉发生毁灭性地震时,谷歌的安卓地震预警系统利用安卓手机网络作为微型地震仪,成功向震中以外的数百万用户发出预警,使民众在震感来袭前数秒即可采取躲避措施。

利用卫星影像加速灾害响应
灾害发生后,核心挑战在于尽快向灾民提供救生援助。人工智能驱动的洞察力可帮助政府和组织更高效地响应。

谷歌与联合国卫星中心(UNOSAT)合作,开发了一套基于人工智能的损毁评估工作流程(由DISHA项目开发)。该流程使用“开放建筑”和“建筑损毁评估”模型分析卫星图像,近期新增了操作界面,标志着其迈入实际应用新阶段。截至目前,该流程已部署11次,支持地震、洪水、飓风等灾害的应急响应,能在极短时间内对数万栋建筑进行高精度分析,为UNOSAT专家每次激活节省数周工作量。

2025年10月飓风“梅丽莎”重创牙买加时,这套AI分析系统为超过38.5万栋建筑分配了初步损毁评分,为灾后重建提供依据。2026年2月哥伦比亚洪水后,UNOSAT通过交叉比对AI生成的建筑地图与洪水的雷达图像,快速评估受损基础设施,其分析结果直接指导了联合国人道主义机构及哥伦比亚政府的响应规划。

虽然单一模型功能强大,但将影像、人口和环境数据相结合,才能解决更复杂的现实问题。谷歌已将气候与地理空间模型整合至“Google Earth AI”模型与数据集集合中,提供可操作的全球情报,助力企业和组织开展灾害响应、全球监测等工作。

谷歌表示,期待继续推进基于人工智能的解决方案,并与合作伙伴携手,共同完成这项关乎全人类的全球使命。

中文翻译:

各国政府及组织机构如何借助谷歌人工智能突破技术增强危机应对能力

随着极端天气事件与自然灾害日益加剧,联合国今日发布的报告《利用人工智能增强多灾种预警系统》强调了科技在守护社区安全中的关键作用。自"全民预警"倡议在《联合国气候变化框架公约》第二十七次缔约方大会(COP27)启动以来,谷歌始终积极提供支持,并在该会议中担任重要角色。

过去十年间,通过我们在危机应对领域的持续努力,谷歌团队在全球灾害预测与监测方面取得了基于人工智能的突破性进展。我们与合作伙伴携手,通过为数亿用户提供实用信息的产品,共同朝着"无人因自然灾害而措手不及"的世界目标迈进。

从灾害预测、实时预警到灾后响应,以下是我们与联合国、各国政府及国际组织在全球危机应对方面的合作实践:

预测与防范灾害
及时的临近预报与预测能使政府、人道主义组织及社区在灾害发生前采取行动。2025年飓风季期间,美国国家飓风中心使用了谷歌的WeatherNext模型。该模型提前五天预测到飓风梅丽莎将历史性地登陆牙买加,使牙买加气象局得以向公众发布预警。在尼日利亚阿达马瓦州,联合国人道主义事务协调厅利用谷歌的河流洪水预测启动了"洪水预期行动方案"。当预报显示重大洪水风险较高时,该方案会启动避难所筹备等早期干预措施。非政府组织GiveDirectly在尼日利亚科吉州采用了类似方法,利用谷歌预测在洪水来临前发放现金补助,使家庭得以安全撤离并购买沙袋等物资保护财产。

我们的洪水预测数据在"洪水中心"平台开放获取,覆盖150多个国家、20亿居住在重大洪水风险区的居民。我们正持续与合作伙伴共同提升预测能力。世界气象组织及捷克、尼日利亚、乌拉圭、越南的国家水文机构与谷歌开展试点合作,评估本地数据对区域流域AI预测的影响。研究发现,将本地径流数据融入全球AI模型可显著提升无观测区域的预测精度。这项即将在未来数周发布的研究成果,凸显了全球AI模型与本地化专业知识融合的价值,为AI更好支持国家预测工作提供了范本。

为进一步推动研究,我们近期开源了城市山洪数据集Groundsource及水文建模框架,帮助专家在完全掌控本地数据的同时开发新方法。我们与捷克水文气象研究所合作测试了该水文框架,该机构开发了适配器,使其自身及全球其他水文服务机构能在标准工作流程中使用该模型。

在山火应对方面,我们利用卫星图像在谷歌搜索和地图中追踪火势边界,覆盖34个国家。与地球火灾联盟及Muon Space公司合作,我们开发了专用卫星星座FireSat,旨在提供前所未有的野火数据集,帮助消防机构在全球范围内更早发现火情。今日早些时候,三颗新型FireSat卫星已从加州范登堡太空军基地发射升空。

危机时刻提供救命警报
危机发生时,获取可靠、权威的信息对受灾者至关重要。仅2025年,谷歌平均每天帮助用户获取危机信息超过1000万次。

我们分发的警报中包含"公共警报"功能——通过通用警报协议(CAP)信息流整合警报机构发布的内容。这些公共警报迄今已整合来自美国国家气象局、英国气象局、巴西国家风险与灾害管理中心等90多个国家合作伙伴的权威数据。我们鼓励更多国家发布CAP警报信息流。

当权威机构发布警报时,这些信息可显示在谷歌搜索、地图中,或作为安卓系统通知推送。这确保恶劣天气预警、洪水动态等公共安全信息及民众所需的实用避险指南,能快速、直接地触达用户。

尽管有效的地震预警仍是重大挑战,我们在震中以外区域的警报方面已取得进展。上月委内瑞拉遭遇破坏性地震时,谷歌的安卓地震警报系统利用安卓手机网络作为微型地震仪,向震中以外数百万用户发送警报,使他们在震感来临前数秒获得避险时机。

利用卫星图像加速灾后响应
灾后核心挑战是如何以最快速度将救命援助送达需要者手中。基于人工智能的洞察可帮助政府及组织更高效地响应。

社会与人道主义行动数据洞察项目与谷歌合作开发了损害评估工作流程,并与联合国卫星中心合作实施。该流程利用"开放建筑"和"建筑损害评估"模型分析卫星图像,近期通过全新界面完成升级,标志着运营效能的崭新阶段。至今已部署11次,支持了地震、洪水、气旋等灾害的应急响应,可在极短时间内对数十万栋建筑进行高精度分析,单次任务即为联合国卫星中心专家节省数周工作量。

2025年10月飓风梅丽莎重创牙买加时,这套AI分析系统为超过38.5万栋建筑分配初步损害评分,为灾后重建提供依据。近期在2026年2月哥伦比亚洪灾中,联合国卫星中心通过交叉比对AI生成的建筑地图与雷达洪水影像,快速评估受损基础设施,分析结果为联合国人道机构及该国政府的响应规划提供了支持。

(图表:DISHA AI辅助损害评估方案识别出的热带气旋梅丽莎受损建筑)

尽管单一模型功能强大,但结合影像、人口与环境洞察,才能助力组织应对更复杂的现实问题。我们已将气候与地理空间模型整合至"谷歌地球AI模型与数据集合集"中,提供可行动的地球智能,助力企业和组织开展灾害响应、地球监测等工作。

我们期待持续推动AI解决方案的创新,并与合作伙伴共同推进全球共同使命。

英文来源:

How governments and organizations are leveraging Google’s AI breakthroughs for crisis resilience
As extreme weather events and natural hazards intensify, today's UN report, “Leveraging AI to enhance multi-hazard early warning systems,” highlights the critical role of technology in keeping communities safe. Google has supported the UN’s Early Warnings for All initiative since its launch at COP27, at which we took an active role.
Over the past decade, through our crisis resilience efforts, our teams at Google have advanced AI-based breakthroughs in global detection and forecasting. Working with partners, and through products that make helpful information available to billions of people, we’re making progress together towards a world where no one is surprised by a natural disaster.
From forecasting to real-time alerting to post-disaster response, here’s how we’re collaborating with the UN, governments and international organizations on global crisis resilience.
Forecasting and preparing for hazards
Timely nowcasts and forecasts enable governments, humanitarian organizations and communities to take action before disasters strike. During the 2025 hurricane season, the U.S. National Hurricane Center used Google’s WeatherNext model. It predicted Hurricane Melissa’s historic Jamaican landfall five days in advance, enabling the Met Service in Jamaica to notify the public. In Nigeria’s Adamawa state, UN OCHA launched a Floods Anticipatory Action Programme using Google’s river flood forecasts. When forecasts indicate a high risk of significant flooding, it activates a set of early interventions such as shelter preparation. The NGO GiveDirectly employed a similar approach in Nigeria’s Kogi State, using Google’s forecasts to deliver cash transfers before flooding. This enabled families to evacuate safely and purchase equipment like sandbags to protect their property.
Our forecasts are available on Flood Hub, covering 2 billion people across more than 150 countries, in areas at risk for significant flood events. We’re continuously improving forecasting capabilities together with our partners. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and national hydrological agencies in Czechia, Nigeria, Uruguay and Vietnam launched a pilot with Google to evaluate how local data affects AI forecasting in regional river basins. We found that incorporating local streamflow data into global AI models significantly improves forecasts in ungauged areas. The results of the study, to be published in the coming weeks, highlight the value of combining global AI models with localized expertise, offering a blueprint for how AI can better support national forecasting efforts.
To further advance research, we recently open-sourced our Groundsource dataset for urban flash floods, and our hydrology modeling framework, helping experts build new approaches while retaining full control of their own local data. We tested the hydrology framework with the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), who developed an adapter enabling them and other hydrological services worldwide to use the model in their standard workflows.
For wildfires, we leverage satellite imagery to track fire boundaries in Search and Maps, with coverage in 34 countries. In collaboration with the Earth Fire Alliance and Muon Space, we developed the purpose-built FireSat constellation, which aims to provide an unprecedented, wildfire dataset and help fire agencies detect wildfires more quickly before they spread, anywhere on earth. Earlier today, three new FireSat satellites launched from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California.
Providing life-saving alerts in times of crisis
In times of crisis, access to reliable, authoritative information is critical for those affected. In 2025 alone, Google helped connect people with crisis information over 10 million times per day, on average.
Among the alerts we distribute are Public Alerts — surfacing content from alerting authorities through Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) feeds. These Public Alerts feature data from authorities in over 90 countries so far, from partners like the US National Weather Service, the UK’s Met Office and Brazil’s Centro Nacional de Gerenciamento de Riscos e Desastres (CENAD). We encourage more nations to publish CAP alert feeds.
When authorities issue these alerts, they can appear across Search, Maps and as Android notifications. This ensures that public safety information, such as severe weather warnings and flood updates, and the practical information people need to stay safe, reaches people quickly and directly.
While warning people effectively about earthquakes remains a critical challenge, we have made progress in alerting those outside the epicenter. When devastating earthquakes hit Venezuela last month, Google's Android Earthquake alerting system, leveraging a network of Android phones as mini-seismometers, alerted millions of users outside the epicenter enabling them to take cover seconds before the shaking began.
Using satellite imagery to accelerate disaster response
Post-disaster, the core challenge is getting life-saving aid to the people who need it as quickly as possible. AI-powered insights can help governments and organizations respond more efficiently.
Data Insights for Social and Humanitarian Action (DISHA) developed a damage assessment workflow in collaboration with Google, implemented in collaboration with the UN Satellite Centre (UNOSAT). It uses Open Buildings and Building Damage Assessment models to analyze satellite imagery, and was recently enhanced with a new interface, marking a new phase of operational impact. To date, it has been deployed 11 times, supporting the response to disasters like earthquakes, floods and cyclones. It enables high-precision analysis of hundreds of thousands of buildings in very short timeframes, saving UNOSAT specialists weeks of work per activation.
When Hurricane Melissa devastated Jamaica in October 2025, this AI-based analysis assigned preliminary damage scores to over 385,000 buildings to inform recovery efforts. More recently, following the February 2026 floods in Colombia, UNOSAT rapidly assessed damaged infrastructure by cross-referencing AI-derived building maps with radar imagery of the flooding. The analysis informed the response planning of UN humanitarian agencies and the national government.
Buildings damaged by the tropical cyclone Melissa identified by the DISHA AI-assisted Damage Assessment solution. Source
While individual models are powerful, the combination of imagery, population and environment insights enables organizations to address more complex, real-world queries. We’ve brought together our climate and geospatial models in the Google Earth AI collection of models and datasets. This provides actionable, planetary intelligence, helping businesses and organizations with disaster response, planetary monitoring and more.
We look forward to continuing to advance AI-based solutions and working with our partners towards our shared, global mission.

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