内容来源：https://www.technologyreview.com/2026/07/20/1140675/chinas-ai-models-have-trumps-ai-world-at-war-with-itself/

内容总结：

中国AI模型引发特朗普AI圈内部分裂

近日，中国初创公司月之暗面推出的免费开源模型Kimi引发美国政界与AI界激烈争论。这款性能媲美OpenAI和Anthropic付费产品的模型，让特朗普政府内部AI战略家们陷入严重分歧。

事件导火索是特朗普前AI顾问戴维·萨克斯公开抨击美国头部AI公司，称Anthropic的模型“被阉割”且“过于政治正确”，五角大楼高官埃米尔·迈克尔更将OpenAI新战略负责人斥为“头号蠢货”。这场论战折射出美国AI界的深层焦虑：每当中国推出免费的高性能模型，美国企业就失去为Anthropic或OpenAI付费的动力，而AI产业恰是当前美国经济增长的重要引擎。

卡内基国际和平基金会研究员安东·莱希特指出，中国AI模型“对不愿再听到经济坏消息的特朗普政府构成威胁”。事实上，这类担忧已引发美股波动。更棘手的是，就在一周前，纽约州刚刚实施全美首个数据中心禁令，公众对AI企业的信任度持续走低。

特朗普团队内部存在明显路线之争。萨克斯主张政府不应替AI公司“消灭开源竞争对手”，认为中国模型走红恰因其使用限制更少。但白宫新推行的AI模型发布前安全审查机制，显示出更强硬的干预倾向。前特朗普AI顾问迪恩·鲍尔批评该机制实为“事实上的前沿AI许可制度”，暗示白宫可能用“软实力”手段，让美国企业不敢使用Kimi这类模型。

值得关注的是，Kimi如此强大的技术基础仍是谜团。尽管拜登政府和特朗普第二届政府初期都将阻止中国获取顶级芯片作为优先事项，但特朗普已放松部分出口管制，批准英伟达向中国销售更多芯片。OpenAI和Anthropic长期指责中国AI公司通过“蒸馏”技术（利用现有模型输出训练新模型）窃取成果，特朗普政府4月已采取措施遏制该行为。

但无论如何，免费且几乎与Anthropic顶级模型媲美的Kimi已经存在，而Anthropic的模型曾因被认定威胁国家安全而短暂关停。周末的这场论战表明，特朗普核心圈普遍意识到这是“警钟”，但无人能就“该警惕什么”达成共识。

中文翻译：

中国的AI模型让特朗普的AI世界陷入内讧
中国的Kimi及其他免费AI模型再次被视为一记警钟。但警钟为谁而鸣？
本文最初发表于《算法》周刊，该刊是我们关于人工智能的每周通讯。若想第一时间在收件箱中收到此类文章，请在此处订阅。
上周末，唐纳德·特朗普总统的数位现任及前任AI顾问公开抨击美国顶尖AI公司。总统的AI与加密货币“沙皇”（任职至三月）大卫·萨克斯将Anthropic的模型斥为“脑叶切除”且“政治正确”。五角大楼高级官员埃米尔·迈克尔则称OpenAI新任战略未来主管为“头号村中蠢材”。
引发这场纷争的根源，在于各方无法就中国AI公司月之暗面上周发布的免费开源模型Kimi达成共识。该模型在智能程度上似乎不逊于OpenAI和Anthropic的付费产品。
Kimi及其同类中国模型给特朗普带来了切实的难题，并使其幕僚团队中的顶尖AI战略家们分裂成不同阵营。每当中国推出像Kimi这样性能强劲的免费模型，美国公司就更缺乏向Anthropic或OpenAI付费的理由。鉴于对这些AI公司的追捧正推动经济增长的主要份额，中国AI模型给总统同时制造了经济与政治困境。卡内基国际和平基金会研究员安东·莱希特在X平台上写道：“它们对不愿听到更多经济负面消息的政府而言是种威胁。”这些模型已令美国股市承压。
特朗普该如何应对？首先需注意，这一切发生在纽约州颁布全美首个数据中心禁令仅一周之后。公众对AI公司的不信任与日俱增，我猜测不少美国人不会同情OpenAI或Anthropic面对低价竞争者的处境，并认为政府没有义务保护它们的利益。
在这一点上，他们与大卫·萨克斯会存在微弱共识（确实非常微弱）。萨克斯在7月19日批评顶尖AI公司“希望政府消灭它们的开源竞争对手”。他还指出中国AI模型之所以流行，是因为用户使用时的限制更少（暂且不提内置的政府审查机制）。
然而萨克斯现已离职。他不再担任特朗普的正式顾问，其“开放AI更优”的主张在政府内部已被更强调政府干预的立场取代。这一派观点认为：既然AI模型已强大到威胁国家安全，政府必须管控其使用方式。
该立场催生了白宫新审查流程，意在AI模型发布前评估其安全性。前特朗普AI顾问、现任职OpenAI的迪恩·鲍尔上周末批评此举是“针对前沿AI的事实许可制度”。鲍尔预测特朗普或通过软实力解决中国的开源问题，例如让美国企业不敢使用Kimi这类模型。这引来埃米尔·迈克尔的反击——作为与国防部长皮特·赫格塞斯共同担任国防部与AI公司主要联络人的官员，迈克尔称鲍尔为AI行业的“头号村中蠢材”，并对“政府暗中施压企业”的说法表示愤慨，强调应“通过民主程序而非某些深层政府阴谋”。
此番论战中，一个关键问题被忽略：Kimi这类模型最初是如何变得如此优秀？拜登政府时期乃至特朗普第二任期初期，防止中国获得顶级芯片都是优先事项。出口管制已有所松动——特朗普做出有争议的决定，允许英伟达向中国出售更多芯片，前提是美国政府从中分成——当局还指控存在芯片走私行为。但中国算力依然有限，外界尚不清楚Kimi背后的公司使用了何种芯片训练模型。
训练过程中可能涉及“蒸馏”技术，即利用现有AI模型的输出来训练新模型。OpenAI与Anthropic长期抱怨中国AI公司采用此做法，并请求政府干预。今年四月，特朗普政府宣布系列措施遏制该行为，使它们得偿所愿。
但Kimi已然问世且免费开放，其性能几乎媲美那个曾因威胁国家安全而被短暂叫停的Anthropic模型——后者被美国官方认为强大到危险。上周末的论战表明，特朗普团队中许多人将此视为警钟。但至于警钟为谁而鸣，无人能达成共识。

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英文来源：

China’s AI models have Trump’s AI world at war with itself
Kimi and other free models from China have again been seen as a wake-up call. But for what?
This story originally appeared in The Algorithm, our weekly newsletter on AI. To get stories like this in your inbox first, sign up here.
Over the weekend, several current and former advisors to President Donald Trump on AI publicly lobbed insults at the country’s leading AI companies. David Sacks, the president’s AI and crypto “czar” until March, branded Anthropic’s models as “lobotomized” and “woke.” Emil Michael, a top Pentagon official, called OpenAI’s new head of strategic futures a “supreme village idiot.”
It began because no one can agree on what to do about Kimi, a free, open source model that Chinese AI company Moonshot launched last week. It appears to rival the intelligence of models from OpenAI and Anthropic, which are very much not free.
Kimi and other Chinese models like it pose a real problem for Trump. And they’re dividing the top AI strategists in his orbit into factions. Every time a new smart, free model from China like Kimi gets released, US companies see less reason to fork out money to access models from Anthropic or OpenAI. Given that enthusiasm for these and other AI companies is driving an outsized share of economic growth, China’s AI models create both economic and political problems for the president. They are “a threat for an administration that really doesn’t want more economic bad news,” Anton Leicht, a fellow at the Carnegie Endowment, wrote on X. They’ve already rattled US stocks.
What is Trump to do? First, consider that this is all happening just a week after New York imposed the country’s first state ban on new data centers. There is growing distrust of AI companies, and I imagine a not-insignificant share of Americans would have little sympathy for OpenAI or Anthropic as they fend off cheaper competitors, and would say it’s not the government’s job to protect their interests.
On this point, they’d see a sliver of agreement (and really just a sliver) with David Sacks, who on July 19 criticized top AI companies that “want the government to eliminate their open source competition.” He has also argued that Chinese AI models have become popular because they come with fewer restrictions on how people can use them (putting aside the built-in state censorship).
Sacks, however, is out of a job. He no longer has a formal role advising Trump, and his position that more open AI is better has been largely replaced in the administration by one that sees a larger role for government intervention. The thinking behind this view is that because AI models have gotten strong enough to pose threats to national security, the government must control how they’re used.
This position has fueled the new White House review process that aims to vet AI models’ security before they’re released. Dean Ball, a former Trump AI advisor who now works for OpenAI, criticized it over the weekend as a “de facto licensing regime for frontier AI.” Ball predicted Trump may solve his Chinese open source problem with a bit of soft power, perhaps by making US companies afraid to use models like Kimi. That drew a response from Michael, who, with Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth, has been the agency’s main liaison with AI companies. Michael called Ball the AI industry’s “supreme village idiot,” bristling at the suggestion that the government would quietly strong-arm companies rather than, as Michael put it, go through “the democratic process not some Deep State scheme.”
Left out of the conversation has been how a model like Kimi got so good in the first place. For much of the Biden administration and even the beginning of Trump’s second administration, keeping China from getting top chips was a priority. Those export controls have loosened—Trump made the controversial decision to allow Nvidia to sell more chips to China, in exchange for the US government taking a cut—and the government has alleged that some chip smuggling has taken place. But China nonetheless has limited computing power, and it’s not clear what chips the company behind Kimi used to train the model.
It’s possible that the process involved some distillation, a practice in which AI models are trained on the outputs of existing AI models. OpenAI and Anthropic have long complained that Chinese AI companies do this, and they have requested government help to put a stop to it. In April, they got it, when the Trump administration announced a series of efforts to curb the practice.
But Kimi is out there and free, and it is nearly as good as the Anthropic model the US government deemed so powerful that it was briefly shut down because it threatened national security. The weekend’s sparring suggests many in Trump’s orbit see that as a wake-up call. But nobody can agree on what for.
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