如何查看Windows电脑上的空间占用情况

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如何查看Windows电脑上的空间占用情况

内容来源:https://www.engadget.com/2247848/how-to-see-whats-taking-up-space-windows/

内容总结:

Windows电脑存储空间清理指南:告别卡顿,释放磁盘压力

随着电脑使用时间的增长,硬盘空间很容易被各类文件悄然占满——程序、照片、视频、游戏、下载文件以及系统更新和临时文件相互挤占,甚至还有重复文件和无用缓存混杂其中。与其漫无目的地翻找文件夹,不如采用一套有规划的策略,精准定位并清理占用最多的文件,让电脑重新轻松运转。

首先,利用Windows自带的存储管理功能打开“开始”菜单,按下Win + I键进入“设置”,依次点击“系统 > 存储”。在此页面,系统会显示主磁盘的整体占用情况,并按类别详细列出各个项目所占空间。点击任一分类即可跳转至相应界面进行管理。其中,“已安装的应用”往往是占用大户,进入后可将排序方式设为“大小(从大到小)”,便能直观看到体积最大的软件,通过“...”菜单直接卸载不再使用的程序。如果电脑有多个硬盘,部分应用还支持“移动”功能,可以将不常用的游戏或软件迁移至其他盘符。

接下来,“临时文件”分类提供了清理的捷径,例如缩略图缓存往往能轻松释放出数GB空间。点击“清理系统文件”可查看更多隐藏的杂乱文件。不过,操作“下载”和“回收站”时需要谨慎:这些位置可能存储着你尚未整理的重要内容。建议先打开回收站检查是否有需要保留的项目,确认无误后再彻底清空;同样,下载文件夹内若有想保留的文件,记得先转移出来。

若拥有多个驱动器,可在“存储”页面的“高级存储设置”中选择“其他驱动器上的存储”,查看各磁盘占用详情。

深入优化系统专用空间

“系统与保留空间”部分(可能隐藏在“显示更多类别”之下)反映了Windows系统功能所占用的容量。除非必要,否则不建议轻易删除,因为这会削弱系统核心功能。不过,如果你从不使用休眠功能,可以通过禁用来移除体积巨大的hiberfil.sys文件:在“开始”菜单搜索“cmd”,右键选择“以管理员身份运行”,输入powercfg /hibernate off并回车。若日后想恢复休眠,只需输入powercfg /hibernate on即可。

此外,系统还原功能会占用一定空间来创建还原点。若希望释放更多空间,可点击“管理系统还原”,在系统盘设置中调低“最大使用量”滑块,或直接点击“删除”清除所有还原点,以应急换取更大空间。

借助第三方工具深度扫描

Windows自带工具虽然方便,但对单个文件的查看不够精细,例如“音乐”和“视频”等分类仅能打开文件资源管理器,无法直接定位大文件。推荐使用专业的磁盘分析工具,如免费的“TreeSize Free”。以管理员身份运行后,选择扫描整个C盘,即可按文件夹大小排序,通过展开箭头逐层查看,快速找出占用空间最大的文件夹,如“Program Files”等。但请注意,切勿直接删除系统文件夹内的文件,应通过官方卸载程序移除应用。

要查看个人数据的占用情况,可进入“Users”下的账户文件夹,若发现“AppData”占用过高,通常是浏览器、流媒体或邮件客户端的缓存及下载文件所致,可清理缓存或删除不再需要的应用数据。另一款工具“dupeGuru”则专门用于扫描重复文件,它们往往在不经意间浪费大量空间。

有效释放并避免空间不足

根据上述扫描结果,建议优先卸载Steam中不再游玩的游戏,删除无用的超大文件,并定期清空回收站。对于需要保留但暂时用不上的大文件,可考虑“云备份+本地删除”策略:如将长视频上传至YouTube后删除本地副本,或将照片同步至Google Photos等云服务,或设置OneDrive仅保留云端副本。重要数据务必保持多份备份,以防丢失。

若存储空间持续告急,购置外置固态硬盘(SSD)扩容是明智之选,能一步到位提供上千GB空间;机械硬盘(HDD)虽然速度较慢,但价格更具优势,适合存放不常访问的数据。即便是一些U盘也能缓解燃眉之急。

为免日后重复手动清理,可开启“存储感知”功能:在“设置 > 系统 > 存储”中找到“存储感知”,点击开启后,系统会按设定周期自动清理临时文件和垃圾内容。建议设置合理的执行频率(如空间不足时或每日/每周),并注意配置“回收站”和“下载”的清理规则,避免误删重要数据。养成习惯,将需要长期保留的文件及时归档,不常使用的文件再放入“下载”文件夹,大扫除时便能轻松放手。

中文翻译:

如何查看Windows电脑上的空间占用情况
采用系统化方法查看电脑上哪些内容占用空间最多,并轻松清理。
争夺电脑存储空间的东西实在太多,很容易就让人失去全局概念。程序、照片、视频、游戏、下载文件以及其他个人项目,与临时文件、更新等系统数据并存。更别提还有重复文件和其他毫无用途的垃圾文件。
当你需要在Windows中清理一些空间时,很容易就能看出什么占用了最多的存储空间。将这些信息梳理清楚后,你就能以最少的力气腾出最大的空间,只有在实在空间紧张时才需要动用更进阶的方法。不要随意翻找文件夹;清理掉那些独占空间的东西,能为你的设备留出更多喘息余地。
第一步:存储设置
让我们从Windows自带的存储管理工具开始:按Win+I打开设置面板,然后进入“系统”>“存储”。在这里,你会看到主磁盘上已用空间的总量,以及占用情况的分类明细。选择其中一个类别即可跳到相应位置进行管理。
最占空间的类别之一很可能是“已安装的应用”;点击它会带你进入“设置”>“应用”>“已安装的应用”页面。将“排序方式”改为“大小(从大到小)”,这样最容易清理的项目就会排在最上面。在三个点(…)菜单下,点击“卸载”来移除任何你不再使用的程序。如果你至少有两个驱动器,某些程序(如Microsoft Store中的游戏)会提供“移动”选项。
“临时文件”类别显示多个复选框,如“缩略图”等,这些都很容易节省空间。点击“清理系统文件”可显示更多类型的垃圾内容。要小心“下载”和“回收站”——虽然这些位置可能占用大量空间,但你也许不想直接删除它们。最好从桌面打开回收站,快速检查是否有任何需要还原的内容,因为清空回收站会永久删除其中的文件。同样,你的“下载”文件夹中也可能有想保留的内容。
如果你有多个存储驱动器,回到“存储”页面,展开“高级存储设置”部分,选择“其他驱动器上的存储使用情况”,即可查看其他驱动器上相同的分类明细。
减少系统功能占用的存储空间
“系统与保留”部分(可能隐藏在“显示更多类别”后面)显示Windows功能占用了多少存储空间。虽然这些通常应该是最后才考虑移除的内容,因为禁用它们会失去重要功能,但仍有可能收回这些空间。
如果你不使用电脑的休眠功能,可以禁用它以删除庞大的hiberfil.sys文件。在开始菜单中输入“cmd”,右键单击“命令提示符”条目,选择“以管理员身份运行”。在命令窗口中输入
powercfg /hibernate off
然后按回车。如果以后想再次使用休眠功能,请使用
powercfg /hibernate on

系统还原能将你的电脑“时光倒流”,以撤销一次糟糕的更新或不需要的更改。点击“管理系统还原”以打开其控制面板窗口;在那里,点击你的系统驱动器并选择“配置”。如果你不介意在出问题时还原点变少,可以将“最大使用量”滑块向下拖动。在紧急情况下,可以考虑使用“删除”来清除所有还原点,以腾出更多空间。
使用TreeSize分析占空间的文件
存储菜单是个不错的起点,但它在检查单个文件时并不完美。音乐和视频等类别(以及“其他”,Windows会将无法分类的内容放进去)只会打开文件资源管理器的位置,这并不实用。有几款第三方工具可以更直观地展示哪些文件夹占用了最多空间;我最喜欢的是TreeSize Free。
为了获得最佳效果,使用顶部工具栏上的按钮以管理员身份运行该程序,然后点击“选择目录”来选择扫描对象——扫描整个C盘是合理的做法。最大的文件夹会显示在顶部;使用箭头展开它们并逐层深入。可能很大的文件夹包括Program Files和Program Files (x86),那里是你安装的应用所在的位置。不要直接删除这些文件——请按照上文说明的方式卸载它们。
在“用户”下找到你的账户,查看哪些个人文件应该移到其他驱动器或删除。如果你看到AppData下占用了几GB空间,请考虑清理浏览器、流媒体平台和电子邮件客户端等应用的缓存或删除其下载内容。右键单击任意文件夹并选择“打开”,即可在熟悉的文件资源管理器界面中查看。
dupeGuru是另一款值得一试的工具。它会在整个系统中找出重复文件,这些文件可能是TreeSize无法察觉的隐性空间占用者。
如何轻松释放电脑空间
释放Windows存储空间的最佳方法取决于上述步骤之后你看到的内容。如果你安装了不再玩的Steam游戏,打开客户端并将其卸载。删除不再需要的大文件,并确保在回收站中找回任何仍想保留的内容后将其清空。
考虑将你想保留但没有空间容纳的大文件转移到其他地方。例如,将长视频上传到YouTube,然后删除电脑上的副本。将照片同步到Google Photos等服务,然后删除本地副本。或者将OneDrive设置为仅保留你一段时间未触碰文件的云副本。虽然这些方法在空间紧张时能提供帮助,但任何重要数据还是应该保留多份副本以备备份。
如果你经常面临空间不足的问题,购买一个辅助驱动器是值得的花费。最好的外置SSD能增加1TB或更多空间,这样你就不必为删除什么而纠结。外置HDD速度较慢,但对于不常使用的数据来说完全够用,而且在当前存储价格飞涨的情况下成本更低。甚至几个U盘也能派上用场。
为了将来节省时间,回到“设置”>“系统”>“存储”,点击“存储感知”。该功能会自动定期清理垃圾内容,无需你手动干预。启用“保持Windows流畅运行…”以定期删除临时文件,然后启用“自动用户内容清理”。
你可以选择仅在存储空间不足时运行存储感知,或者按固定时间间隔运行。务必合理设置回收站和下载选项,因为如果不小心,你可能意外丢失数据。今后,作为整理电脑的一部分,请考虑只在“下载”文件夹中放置不需要长期保留的文件,这样你就可以毫无顾虑地清空它。

英文来源:

How to see what's taking up space on your Windows PC
Use a methodical approach to see what’s using the most space on your PC and easily clean it up.
There's so much competing for the space on your computer that it's easy to lose track of it all. Programs, photos, videos, games, downloads and your other items live alongside system data like temporary files and updates. That's not to mention duplicate files and other junk that serves no purpose.
When you need to clean up some space in Windows, it's easy to see what's using the most storage. With this laid out, you can create the most room with the least effort, only dipping into more advanced methods if you're really pressed for space. Don't go digging into folders at random; weeding out what's monopolizing your space gives you more breathing room.
The first step: Storage settings
Let's begin with Windows' built-in storage management tool: press Win + I to open the Settings panel, then go to System > Storage. Here, you'll see the total space in use on your main disk, along with a breakdown of what's taking it. Select one of these categories to jump into the relevant place and manage it.
One of the biggest hogs is likely to be Installed apps; clicking this brings you to the Settings > Apps > Installed apps page. Change the Sort by box to Size (Large to Small) to put the lowest-hanging fruit at the top. Under the three-dot (...) menu, hit Uninstall to remove anything you don't use anymore. If you have at least two drives, some programs (like games from the Microsoft Store) provide a Move option.
The Temporary Files category shows several checkboxes for items like Thumbnails that can be easy space-savers. Click Cleanup System Files to show more types of clutter. Be careful with Downloads and the Recycle Bin — while those spots can use lots of space, you might not want to delete them outright. It's best to open the Recycle Bin from your desktop and quickly check for anything you want to restore, since clearing the bin permanently deletes the files in it. Similarly, you might have items you want to save in your Downloads.
If you have multiple storage drives, back on the Storage page, expand the Advanced storage settings section and choose Storage used on other drives to see the same breakdown for the others.
Reducing the storage used by system features
The System & reserved section, which may be hidden behind Show more categories, shows how much storage Windows features are using. While these should generally be your last resort to remove since disabling them removes important functionality, it's possible to reclaim their space.
If you don't use hibernation on your PC, you can disable it to remove the large hiberfil.sys file. Type "cmd" into the Start menu, right-click the Command Prompt entry, and choose Run as administrator. In the command window, type powercfg /hibernate off
and hit Enter. If you ever want to use hibernation again, use powercfg /hibernate on
.
System restore sends your PC "back in time" to reverse a bad update or unwanted change. Click Manage system restore to open its Control Panel window; there, click your System drive and choose Configure. If you're OK with having fewer restore points in case something goes wrong, drag the Max Usage slider down. Consider using Delete to erase all restore points for even more space in a pinch.
Analyze the files taking space with TreeSize
The Storage menu is a good start, but it's not perfect for checking individual files. Categories like Music and Videos (and Other, where Windows puts anything it can't categorize) just open File Explorer locations, which isn't useful. Several third-party tools make it easier to visualize what's using the most space across folders; my favorite is TreeSize Free.
For best results, use the button on the top toolbar to run the program as an admin, then click Select Directory to choose what you scan — your entire C: drive is sensible. You'll see the largest folders at the top; use the arrows to expand them and drill down. Folders that are likely to be huge include Program Files and Program Files (x86), which is where your installed apps live. Don't delete these files directly — uninstall them as explained above.
Find your account under Users to see which of your personal files should be moved to another drive or deleted. If you see many gigabytes used under AppData, consider clearing the cache or removing downloads for apps like browsers, streaming platforms, and email clients. Right-click any folder and choose Open to show it in the familiar File Explorer interface.
dupeGuru is another tool worth a try. It finds copies of files across your system, which can be a sneaky space waster TreeSize won't catch.
How to easily free up space on your PC
The best ways to free up storage on Windows depend on what you've seen taking it up after following the above steps. If you have Steam games installed that you never play anymore, open the client and uninstall them. Erase large files you don't need anymore, and make sure to clear the Recycle Bin once you've recovered anything you still want from it.
Consider offloading big files you still want but don't have room for. For instance, upload long videos to YouTube, then delete the copy on your computer. Sync your photos with a service like Google Photos, then remove your local copies. Or set OneDrive to only keep cloud copies of files you haven't touched in a while. While these kinds of options can help when space is at a premium, you should have multiple copies of any important data for backup purposes.
If you're constantly running low, buying a secondary drive is a worthwhile expense. The best external SSDs add a terabyte or more so you don't have to agonize over what to delete. External HDDs aren't as fast, but are still fine for data you don't touch often and come at a lower cost given the extreme prices of storage right now. Even a few flash drives can help out.
To save time going forward, head back to Settings > System > Storage and click Storage Sense. This feature automatically cleans up junk every so often without your intervention. Enable Keep Windows running smoothly... to remove temp files on a regular basis, then enable Automatic User content cleanup.
You can choose to run Storage Sense only when your storage gets low, or at regular intervals. Be sure to set the Recycle Bin and Downloads options wisely, since you could accidentally lose data if you're not careful. In the future, as part of organizing your PC, consider putting only files you don't need long-term in Downloads so you can clear it without worry.

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