Science Corporation为其首位Stargardt病患者植入恢复视力的芯片

内容总结:
科学公司(Science Corporation)首席执行官马克斯·霍达克(Max Hodak)宣布,该公司已将其视力恢复芯片PRIMA植入首例斯塔加特病(Stargardt disease)患者体内。斯塔加特病是一种遗传性眼病,会逐渐破坏患者的中心视力。霍达克曾任脑植入公司Neuralink的总裁兼联合创始人,他在TechCrunch Disrupt大会舞台上阐述了PRIMA项目如何融入该公司对新型脑机接口(BCI)的更广泛探索。
“视网膜是中枢神经系统的一部分,”霍达克在台上表示。“我们认为人工耳蜗、视网膜假体、运动假体,这些都是不同类型的脑机接口。”
霍达克描绘了一幅脑机接口向广泛医疗技术应用领域拓展的愿景,而非仅仅作为控制计算机的手段。
虽然PRIMA已在欧洲商业化上市,面向因地理萎缩(一种晚期年龄相关性黄斑变性)而失明的患者,但该公司相信其方法可应用于多种疾病,包括目前被认为无法治愈的斯塔加特病。
斯塔加特病影响视网膜外层,导致眼部感光细胞逐渐死亡,同时可能保留视网膜内层——即将视觉信号传递至大脑的部分。该病会造成中心盲点,并随着时间推移逐渐扩大。全球约有15万人因该病丧失视力。
“这种设备方案的好处之一在于,当我之前说大脑是一台计算机时,视觉就是电位,就像视神经中的电活动一样,”霍达克说。“对大脑而言,视觉就是如此。因此,如果你能让视神经正确地向大脑其余部分发送信号,你就能为大脑提供视觉。”
该公司表示,其首例斯塔加特病患者于今年5月在澳大利亚悉尼眼科医院接受了PRIMA植入,这是其正在进行的临床试验的一部分。在患者的第一次康复训练中,他看到了一个字母;在第二次训练中,他能够读出一个单词。
使用该设备时,患者需接受约一小时的手术,将一枚小型芯片植入眼球后部感光细胞退化的位置。随后患者佩戴配备摄像头的眼镜,将外部世界的画面传输至芯片。该植入体本质上相当于人工感光细胞。
“这位患者体内的设备是一枚2毫米×2毫米的植入体,放置在眼球后部下方,所以就像透过一根吸管看东西,”霍达克说。“这不是大视野的彩色视觉。它是患者中心视野中的一块区域……是黑白的,但很清晰。是高对比度的清晰,因此他们一次能看到几个字母。下一步是扩大视野。要制造更大的植入体,就必须解决眼球的曲率问题,同时我们需要让电极更小,以更接近原生水平的细节。”
他继续说道:“我认为我们有一条清晰的路径。下一代产品正在研发中,将在未来一年内进入人体试验。在未来五年内,我认为我们能够相当接近原生视力。”
霍达克于2021年离开Neuralink后创立了科学公司,该公司制定了开发先进神经工程和脑机接口技术的计划。但公司首先希望证明其方法有效并建立可持续的业务,这正是其致力于为视障人士恢复视力的原因。
至于科学公司的脑机接口技术,该公司此前曾表示其传感器将植入颅骨内部并置于大脑顶部,不同于Neuralink的设备直接插入脑组织。
该公司表示,相信该设备可帮助解决神经系统疾病,例如可能用于监测脑肿瘤患者的神经活动。
“近期,我们将应用我们的首个临床适应症,目前尚未公开宣布,是一种大家都听说过的神经退行性疾病,”霍达克说。“我们也在研究中风。例如,如果你因为中风导致部分大脑死亡而失去了这部分功能,如果你能将连接接入深脑的两个不同区域,你就可以想象增加新的皮层区域,就像完全添加新的大脑区域一样——这是传统电极根本无法实现的。但我要说的是,从长远来看,公司的长期使命是理解大脑如何产生心智,并学会构建工程化大脑。”
霍达克接着指出,科学公司相信许多人最终都会使用某种形式的脑机接口。他说,虽然公司并非为“健康的40岁人群”设计产品,但相信人们最终在60或70岁时会需要某种脑机接口。
“我们想要弄清楚如何不仅延长寿命,还要延长健康寿命,”霍达克说。
中文翻译:
科学公司首席执行官马克斯·霍达克宣布,该公司已将其视力恢复芯片PRIMA植入首位斯塔加特病患者体内。斯塔加特病是一种遗传性眼病,会逐渐破坏中心视力。霍达克曾任脑植入公司Neuralink的总裁兼联合创始人,他在TechCrunch Disrupt大会的舞台上解释了公司与PRIMA相关的工作如何融入其对新式脑机接口(BCI)的更广泛探索。
“视网膜是中枢神经系统的一部分,”霍达克在台上表示。“我们认为人工耳蜗、视网膜假体、运动假体,这些都是不同类型的脑机接口。”
霍达克描绘了一幅愿景:脑机接口将拓展至广泛的医疗技术应用领域,而不仅仅是控制计算机的一种方式。
虽然PRIMA已在欧洲面向因地理萎缩(一种晚期年龄相关性黄斑变性)而失明的患者商业化上市,但该公司相信其方法可应用于多种疾病,包括目前被认为无法治愈的斯塔加特病。
斯塔加特病影响视网膜外层,导致眼内感光细胞逐渐死亡,同时可能保留视网膜内层——即将视觉信号传递至大脑的部分。它会造成中心盲点,并随着时间推移逐渐扩大。全球约有15万人因该病丧失视力。
“这种设备方案的一个好处在于——我说过大脑就像一台计算机,视觉就是电位,就像视神经中的电活动,”霍达克说。“对大脑而言,视觉不过如此。所以如果你能让视神经正确地向大脑其余部分发送信号,你就能为大脑提供视觉。”
该公司表示,其首位斯塔加特病患者于5月在澳大利亚悉尼眼科医院作为正在进行的试验的一部分接受了PRIMA植入。在患者的第一次康复训练中,他看到了一封信;在第二次训练中,他能够读出一个单词。
使用该设备时,患者需接受长达一小时的手术,将一枚小型芯片植入眼球后部感光细胞退化的位置。随后他们佩戴配有摄像头的眼镜,将外部世界的画面传输至芯片。该植入体本质上充当人工感光细胞。
“这位患者体内的设备是一枚2毫米×2毫米的植入体,放置在眼球后部下方,所以就像透过一根吸管看东西,”霍达克说。“它不是大视野的彩色视觉。它是中心视觉中的一小块区域……是黑白的,但很清晰。是高对比度的清晰,所以他们一次能看到几个字母。下一步是扩大视野。要制造更大的植入体,就必须解决眼球的曲率问题,我们还需要把电极做得更小,以便更接近天然的细节水平。”
他继续说道:“我认为我们有一条清晰的路径。正在研发的下一代产品将在明年进入人体试验,而在未来五年内,我认为我们将能够相当接近天然视力。”
霍达克于2021年离开Neuralink后创立了科学公司,该公司规划了开发先进神经工程和脑机接口技术的计划。但首先,公司希望证明其方法有效并建立可持续的业务,这就是为什么它致力于为视力障碍者恢复视力。
至于科学公司的脑机接口技术,该公司此前曾表示,其传感器将植入颅骨内部并放置在大脑顶部,这与Neuralink的设备直接插入脑组织不同。
该公司曾表示,它相信该设备可以帮助应对神经系统疾病,例如可能用于监测脑肿瘤患者的神经活动。
“近期,我们将应用我们的首个临床适应症——尚未公开宣布——是一种人人都听说过的神经退行性疾病,”霍达克说。“我们也在关注中风。例如,如果你因为中风导致部分大脑死亡而丧失了这部分脑组织,如果你能将连接接入深部脑区的两个不同区域,你可以想象添加新的皮层区域,就像完全添加新的大脑区域一样——这是传统电极根本无法实现的。但我要说,从更长远来看,公司的长期使命是理解大脑如何创造心智,并学会构建工程化大脑。”
霍达克接着指出,科学公司相信许多人最终会使用某种形式的脑机接口。他说,虽然公司并非为“健康的40岁人群”设计产品,但它相信人们最终在60岁或70岁时会需要某种脑机接口。
“我们想弄清楚,如何不仅延长寿命,还延长健康寿命,”霍达克说。
英文来源:
Science Corporation CEO Max Hodak announced that the company has implanted its vision-restoring chip, PRIMA, into its first patient with Stargardt disease, an inherited eye disease that gradually destroys central vision. Hodak, the former president and co-founder of Neuralink, the brain implant company, explained on stage at TechCrunch Disrupt how the company’s work with PRIMA fits into its broader pursuit of a novel brain-computer interface (BCI).
“The retina is part of the central nervous system,” Hodak said on stage. “We consider cochlear implants, retinal prostheses, motor prostheses, these are all different types of BCIs.”
Hodak outlined a vision in which BCIs expand into a wide range of medical technology applications, rather than simply being a way to control computers.
While PRIMA is commercially available in Europe for patients who’ve lost their sight to geographic atrophy, an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration, the company believes its approach can be applied to multiple diseases, including Stargardt disease, which is currently considered incurable.
Stargardt disease affects the outer retina, causing the gradual death of the eye’s light-sensing cells while potentially sparing the inner retina, the part that passes visual signals onto the brain. It causes a central blind spot that gradually enlarges over time. Approximately 150,000 people worldwide have lost vision due to the disease.
“One of the nice things about this device approach, when I was saying the brain’s a computer, vision is electrical potential, like electrical activity down the optic nerve,” Hodak said. “That’s all vision is to the brain, and so if you can get the optic nerve to signal the the rest of the brain correctly, then you can provide vision to it.”
The company says its first patient with Stargardt disease received the PRIMA implant in May as part of its ongoing trial at the Sydney Eye Hospital in Australia. During the patient’s first rehabilitation session, he saw a letter, and during the second, he was able to read a word.
To use the device, patients undergo an hour-long procedure that plants a small chip in the back of their eye, where the photoreceptors have degenerated. Then they wear camera-equipped glasses that transmit a view of the world to the chip. The implant essentially works like artificial photoreceptors.
“The device that this patient has is a two millimeter by two millimeter implant placed under the in the back of the eye, and so it’s like looking through a straw,” Hodak said. “It is not a big field of view color vision. It’s a patch in their central vision where . . .it’s black and white, but it is sharp. It’s high-contrast sharp, and so they can see a couple letters at a time. The next step is to make the field of view bigger. So to make a bigger implant, you have to deal with the curvature of the eye, and we need to make the electrodes smaller so that we get closer to native levels of detail.”
He continued, “I think we have a clear path. There’s a there’s a next ‘next generation’ that’s being worked on that’ll be in humans in the next year, and over the next five years, I think we’ll be able to get pretty close to native acuity.”
When Hodak founded Science Corporation in 2021 after leaving Neuralink, the company outlined plans to develop advanced neural engineering and brain-computer interface technology. But first, the company wants to prove its methods work and develop a sustainable business, which is why it’s working to restore vision with the visually impaired.
As for Science Corporation’s brain-computer interface technology, it has previously said that its sensor will be implanted inside the skull and rest on top of the brain, unlike a Neuralink device, which is inserted directly into brain tissue.
The company has said it believes the device could help address neurological conditions, such as possibly monitoring neurological activity in patients with brain tumors.
“In the near term, we’re going to be applying our first clinical indication, which hasn’t been announced publicly, is a neurodegenerative disease that everybody’s heard of,” Hodak said. “We’re also looking at stroke. For example, if you’ve lost part of your brain because it’s been dead due to stroke, if you can get connections into the deep brain in two different areas, you can imagine adding new cortical areas, just like adding new brain areas entirely — something simply not possible with conventional electrodes. But, I’d say longer term, the long-term mission of the company is to understand how the brain creates the mind and to learn to build engineered brains.”
Hodak went on to note that Science Corporation’s belief is that many people will eventually use some kind of BCI. While the company isn’t designing for “healthy 40-year-olds,” he said, it believes people will eventually need some kind of BCI by the age of 60 or 70.
“We want to figure out how do we extend not just lifespan but health span,” Hodak said.
文章标题:Science Corporation为其首位Stargardt病患者植入恢复视力的芯片
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