内容来源：https://www.wired.com/story/model-behavior-elon-musk-cross-examined-sam-altman/

内容总结：

庭审直击：马斯克与OpenAI对簿公堂，昔日金主被曝曾“挖角”施压

当地时间周三，埃隆·马斯克重返证人席，继续就其对OpenAI及其首席执行官山姆·奥特曼提起的诉讼陈述己方立场。在OpenAI律师的交叉询问中，马斯克2017年在一场最终落败的权力争夺中，如何试图对这家非营利组织施加压力的细节被逐一曝光。

法庭内气氛紧张。庭审开始前，法官伊冯·冈萨雷斯·罗杰斯当众警告了一名在旁听席上偷拍马斯克照片的旁听者。OpenAI联合创始人格雷格·布罗克曼坐在律师身后，腿上摊着黄色信笺，全程对作证的马斯克投以冷眼。马斯克在证人席上显得愈发沮丧，多次暂停，指责OpenAI律师威廉·萨维特的问题具有误导性。而萨维特的交叉询问也因对方律师的反对、技术故障以及马斯克反复声称“不记得”OpenAI早期历史关键细节而屡屡受阻。

法庭展示了2017年9月马斯克与奥特曼、布罗克曼及研究员伊利亚·苏茨克维之间的邮件往来，内容涉及讨论后来OpenAI营利部门的架构。马斯克在邮件中要求有权挑选该部门董事会的四名成员，从而使其拥有比三位联合创始人合计票数更多的投票权。“我明确应当拥有公司的初始控制权，但这种情况会很快改变。”马斯克在邮件中写道。苏茨克维随即回信拒绝，称担心这会让马斯克权力过大。

早在这些谈判开始前的几个月，马斯克就已停止向OpenAI拨款，这对当时主要依靠他资金支持的该组织打击巨大。自2016年起，马斯克按季度向OpenAI汇款500万美元，作为组织成立时承诺的10亿美元捐赠的一部分。但到2017年春季，他停止了打款。2017年8月，马斯克家族办公室负责人贾里德·伯查尔询问是否应继续暂缓付款，马斯克只回了一个字：“是。”

2017年10月，在马斯克输掉权力争夺后不久，邮件显示他与特斯拉及脑机接口公司Neuralink的高管讨论了从OpenAI挖人的计划。彼时，马斯克仍是OpenAI董事会成员。他给特斯拉一位副总裁发邮件，介绍招募OpenAI早期研究员安德烈·卡帕西：“刚跟安德烈谈过，他已接受担任特斯拉视觉部门主管……安德烈堪称全球计算机视觉领域二号人物……OpenAI那帮人肯定恨死我了，但这事必须做。”

在庭上，马斯克辩称卡帕西当时已有离开OpenAI的打算。“安德烈已经做出了决定。如果他都要离开OpenAI了，那还不如来特斯拉工作。”马斯克说。同月，他还给Neuralink联合创始人本·拉波波特写道：“要么独立招聘，要么直接从OpenAI挖人。你从OpenAI挖人去Neuralink，我没意见。”

当萨维特就此追问时，马斯克回应称，不允许特斯拉和Neuralink从OpenAI挖人是违法的。“限制雇佣是非法的。说你不能雇佣OpenAI的人是非法的。你不能搞一个小圈子，阻止人们去他们想去的公司工作。”

2018年2月，马斯克给时任OpenAI董事会成员希冯·齐里斯发了短信。齐里斯是马斯克四个孩子的母亲，也在Neuralink担任高管。马斯克写道：“我们打算主动从OpenAI挖三到四个人去特斯拉。以后还会有更多人加入，但我们不会主动挖人。”在同一条短信中，齐里斯问马斯克，自己是应该继续与OpenAI保持良好关系，还是慢慢疏远。马斯克告诉她，要“保持亲近和友好”。

据悉，庭审将在次日继续进行，马斯克将接受进一步交叉询问。伯查尔及OpenAI联合创始人布罗克曼预计也将出庭作证。

中文翻译：

埃隆·马斯克周三再次出庭作证，继续讲述他在与OpenAI及其首席执行官山姆·奥特曼法律纠纷中的个人立场。在OpenAI律师的交叉询问下，马斯克被追问他在2017年一场最终失败的权利斗争中，试图以各种方式钳制该组织的经过。根据本案呈堂的电子邮件证据，大约在同一时期，马斯克试图挖走OpenAI的研究人员，并停止提供他此前承诺的资金。

交叉询问一开始，法庭内便弥漫着紧张气氛。法官伊冯·冈萨雷斯·罗杰斯在当天开庭时，训斥了旁听席上一名给马斯克拍照的人。OpenAI总裁兼联合创始人格雷格·布罗克曼坐在他的律师身后，腿上放着一本黄色的法律便笺簿，在马斯克作证时冷冷地盯着他。马斯克在证人席上明显表现出沮丧，不时停顿下来告诉OpenAI的律师威廉·萨维特，他认为对方的提问具有误导性。与此同时，萨维特的交叉询问因反对意见、技术问题以及马斯克不断声称自己记不清OpenAI历史关键细节而偏离正轨。

萨维特向法庭展示了2017年9月马斯克、奥特曼、布罗克曼以及研究员伊利亚·苏茨克弗之间关于讨论组建OpenAI盈利部门的电子邮件。在这封邮件中，马斯克要求有权选择其董事会的四名成员，从而使他比总共只有三名董事会席位的联合创始人拥有更大的投票权。“我无疑会拥有公司的初始控制权，但这会很快改变，”马斯克在其中一条消息中写道。苏茨克弗回复拒绝了这一想法，因为他担心这会让马斯克权力过大。

在这些谈判开始前的几个月，马斯克就已经停止向OpenAI付款，这对该组织来说尤其艰难，因为当时他是其主要资金来源。自2016年起，马斯克每季度向OpenAI支付500万美元，这是他当初在组织成立时承诺的10亿美元捐款的一部分。但在2017年春天，他停止了汇款。在另一封2017年8月的邮件中，马斯克家族办公室的负责人贾里德·伯查尔询问马斯克是否应继续暂缓付款。马斯克简单地回复道：“是的。”

2017年10月，在马斯克权力斗争失败后不久，邮件显示他与特斯拉以及他的脑机接口公司Neuralink的高管讨论了雇佣OpenAI员工的事宜。当时，马斯克仍是OpenAI的董事会成员。马斯克给特斯拉的一位副总裁发了一封邮件，内容涉及雇佣OpenAI的早期研究员安德烈·卡帕斯。“刚和安德烈谈过，他接受邀请，担任特斯拉视觉部门的主管，”马斯克写道。“安德烈可以说是计算机视觉领域全球排名第二的人……OpenAI那些人会想杀了我，但这事必须做。”

在证人席上，马斯克辩称，当他试图招揽卡帕斯到特斯拉时，卡帕斯已经有离开OpenAI的意向。“安德烈已经做出了决定。如果他要离开OpenAI，那他不如去特斯拉工作，”马斯克说。同月，马斯克还给Neuralink的联合创始人本·拉波波特写了信。“直接从OpenAI独立招聘或挖人，”马斯克说。“你招揽OpenAI的人来Neuralink工作，我没有任何意见。”

当萨维特就此追问时，马斯克辩称，如果不允许特斯拉和Neuralink从OpenAI挖人，那将是违法的。“限制就业是违法的。说不能雇佣OpenAI的人将是违法的。不能有一个小团体阻止人们去他们想去的公司工作，”马斯克说。2018年2月，马斯克给时任OpenAI董事会成员的希冯·齐利斯——她是马斯克四个孩子的母亲，也是Neuralink的高管——发了以下短信：“我们将积极尝试从OpenAI挖走三到四个人到特斯拉。时间长会有更多人加入，但我们不会主动去挖他们。”在同一封邮件中，齐利斯问她是否应该在担任董事期间与OpenAI保持良好关系，还是慢慢疏远。马斯克告诉她要保持“亲近和友好”。

明天，我们将更深入地了解齐利斯以及她如何影响了OpenAI的发展轨迹。马斯克的交叉询问还将继续。随后，预计伯查尔和OpenAI的布罗克曼将被传唤作为证人。

本文是马克斯·泽夫《模范行为》新闻简报的一期。请在此处查阅往期简报。

英文来源：

Elon Musk returned to the witness stand on Wednesday to continue telling his side of the story in his legal battle against OpenAI and its CEO Sam Altman. Under cross-examination from OpenAI’s lawyers, Musk was pressed on all the ways he tried to squeeze the organization over a 2017 power struggle that he ultimately lost. Around this time, Musk tried to hire away OpenAI researchers and stopped sending it funding he had previously promised, according to emails presented as evidence in the case.
As the cross-examination began, tension rippled through the courtroom. Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers started the day by reprimanding someone in the gallery for taking a picture of Musk. OpenAI’s president and cofounder, Greg Brockman, sat behind his lawyers with a yellow legal pad in his lap, giving Musk a cold stare as he testified. Musk grew visibly frustrated on the witness stand, pausing frequently to tell OpenAI’s lawyer, William Savitt, that he saw his questions as misleading. Meanwhile, Savitt’s cross-examination was derailed by objections, technical issues, and Musk continuously claiming he doesn’t recall key details of OpenAI’s history.
Savitt showed the courtroom emails from September 2017 between Musk, Altman, Brockman, and researcher Ilya Sutskever discussing the formation of what would become OpenAI’s for-profit arm. In the thread, Musk demanded the right to choose four members of its board of directors, giving him more voting power than his cofounders, who would be left with three in total. “I would unequivocally have initial control of the company, but this will change quickly,” said Musk in one message. Sutskever wrote back rejecting the idea because he said he feared it would give Musk too much power.
Months before these negotiations started, Musk had halted payments to OpenAI, which was particularly difficult for the organization because he was then its main source of funding. Since 2016, Musk had been sending $5 million payments to OpenAI quarterly as part of a broader $1 billion pledge he made at the organization’s launch. But in the spring of 2017, he stopped sending the money. In another email from August 2017, the head of Musk’s family office, Jared Birchall, asked Musk if he should continue withholding it. Musk responded simply, “Yes.”
In October 2017, shortly after Musk lost the power struggle, emails show that he held discussions with executives at Tesla and Neuralink, his brain-computer interface company, about hiring OpenAI employees. At the time, Musk was still a board member of OpenAI.
Musk sent an email to one Tesla vice president about hiring an early OpenAI researcher, Andrej Karpathy. “Just talked to Andrej and he accepted as joining as director of Tesla Vision,” Musk wrote. “Andrej is arguably the #2 guy in the world in computer vision…The openai guys are gonna want to kill me, but it had to be done.”
On the stand, Musk argued that Karpathy was already interested in leaving OpenAI when he tried to recruit him to Tesla. “Andrej had made his decision. If he’s going to leave OpenAI, he might as well work at Tesla,” Musk said.
That same month, Musk also wrote to Ben Rapoport, a cofounder of Neuralink. “Hire independently or directly from OpenAI,” said Musk. “I have no problem if you pitch people at OpenAI to work at Neuralink.”
When pressed about this by Savitt, Musk argued that it would have been illegal for him not to allow Tesla and Neuralink to hire from OpenAI. “It’s illegal to restrict employment. It would be illegal to say you can’t employ people from OpenAI. You can’t have some cabal that stops people from working at the company they want to work at,” Musk said.
In February 2018, Musk sent the following text message to then-OpenAI board member, Shivon Zillis, who is the mother of four of Musk’s children and an executive at Neuralink. ”We are going to actively try to move three or four people from OpenAI to Tesla. More than that will join over time, but we won’t actively recruit them.” In the same thread, Zillis asked whether she should maintain good relations with OpenAI while she was still on the board, or slowly distance herself. He told her to stay “close and friendly.”
Tomorrow, we will look more closely at Zillis and how she shaped OpenAI’s trajectory. Musk’s cross-examination will also continue. Then, Birchall and OpenAI’s Brockman are expected to be called as witnesses.
This is an edition of Maxwell Zeff’s Model Behavior newsletter. Read previous newsletters here.