聊天机器人广告已经到来。以下是行之有效的做法——以及行不通的做法

内容来源:https://www.wired.com/story/ads-in-chatbots-have-arrived-heres-whats-working-and-whats-not/
内容总结:
AI公司Anthropic坚持今年超级碗广告中的承诺,保持Claude聊天机器人无广告。其近期IPO文件未提及通过销售广告创收的可能性。凭借约1120亿美元的投资资金,Anthropic轻松维持这一高标准立场。
然而,聊天机器人行业可能发现销售广告对于抵消AI响应生成的高昂成本是必要的。OpenAI全面投入广告业务,自2月在ChatGPT推出广告以来,已有超过10万家客户投放广告。上周,谷歌将其搜索聊天机器人AI模式中的广告扩展至美国以外的10个国家,并宣称用户“认为这些广告高度相关”。广告主对体验远未满意,但预期会有所改善。
广告对于小众聊天机器人平台的长期生存尤为关键,这些平台无法像顶级AI实验室那样依赖同等程度的风险投资慷慨,也无法获得科技巨头的巨额收入。记者近期采访了Koah Labs,这是众多专注于AI体验的新广告技术公司之一。这家旧金山初创公司自称将广告带入200多个应用,如提供创意查询工具的DeepAI和专注于在AI回答中提供引用的Liner。它与远程医疗巨头Hims和鲜花配送服务UrbanStems等品牌合作。
Koah吸引的广告主数量仅为OpenAI的十分之一,但CEO Nic Baird仍相信,随着聊天机器人取代传统搜索引擎,他对哪些有效、哪些模糊已有良好判断——以及它们的崛起对用户AI体验意味着什么。
机器创作
Baird表示,部分由AI而非完全由人工创作的广告产生的点击量翻倍。确切原因难以评估,但AI生成的营销文案在AI模型输出旁边可能感觉更自然。
由于Koah展示的广告基于广告主提供的产品细节和图像,用户似乎不会遇到AI幻觉产生的错误信息。但Baird称,一些广告主如制药公司面临政府对广告中必须或不能说什么的规定。这些公司默认对广告施加更多人工控制,据Baird称结果较弱。
由于信息枯燥或感觉杂乱的广告可能赶走用户,广告技术公司有责任找到中间地带——既吸引用户又不触发风险规避型品牌的顾虑。当人工不在环路中时,这一平衡可能更难实现。
创意定向
谷歌搜索“压力缓解帮助”很可能出现治疗师的广告。在Baird看来,聊天机器人可以更有创意。例如,当用户在“压力”相关提示后展示水疗广告时,这些广告在Koah网络中表现良好。
Baird称关键区别在于Koah可以根据“不仅是提示词或谷歌搜索,还包括AI平台的回复,这带来了迄今为止对话其余的上下文”来选择和定制广告。此外,聊天机器人提示词的长度往往至少是谷歌查询的两倍,给Koah更多信息来确定相关广告。
Baird声称用户习惯在聊天机器人对话中浏览多个话题,这可能使他们比传统搜索更容易接受相邻营销。Koah称用户点击约3%的广告,与更成熟的谷歌广告系统表现大致相当。
全上下文
当被要求展示广告时,Koah通常收到用户截至该点的整个对话,以帮助决定展示内容。传统搜索查询通常寻找特定信息,而人们常把聊天机器人不仅当作对话伙伴,还当作知己。随着个性化聊天机器人广告开始激增,用户是否会接受随之而来的隐私取舍尚不清楚。
Baird称Koah对收到的查询进行匿名化处理并以去标识化方式存储,但拒绝就数据收集和存储进一步置评。他承认个性化可能变得侵扰,但认为随着技术成熟,用户和广告主都能受益。例如,关于聊天机器人讨论的非敏感信息可以为广告点击后加载页面上的个性化内容提供参考。也许某人表达了对特定功能的兴趣,或者AI模型没有强调竞品的某个缺点。广告主可以填补这一空白。
Koah没有关于人们是否真的想要这些定制页面的数据,但科技行业长期声称人们更喜欢广告体验感觉相关。当Koah启用再营销或向同一用户重复投放广告时,拥有对话历史也可能使广告主受益。
负面触发
据Koah估计,每四个关于零售商或品牌的聊天机器人查询中就有一个涉及退货、换货或其他支持问题。Baird认为聊天机器人为广告主提供了其他地方难以复制的机会,来处理他们委婉称为“客户成功”的事宜。
他预计制造商和零售商最终会针对失望的客户,提醒他们保修信息,让他们参与AI介导的支持,并可能引导他们远离更昂贵的客服互动。AI聊天机器人的回复可能为用户提供类似帮助,但购买广告保证公司传达信息。
理想结果是用户比其他方式更快地得到可接受的解决方案。最坏情况下,这是一次浪费的广告购买和更愤怒的消费者。
巨大未知
Koah目前投放广告的应用均未提供能自行购物的AI代理。然而,Instinct和Meta的Muse等应用开始替部分用户接管购物事务。Meta CEO马克·扎克伯格近期表示Muse可能成为公司最大收入来源,但暗示收入将来自交易费而非广告。
这并不意味着广告将完全从机器人主导的电商中消失,初步研究表明广告可以影响AI代理。
Baird预计有机会给“用户的代理提供最佳推荐,这将是大幅折扣、真正相关的产品”以及便捷的数字购买路径的结合。Baird称聊天机器人必须向代理“极其清楚地”表明哪些内容是赞助的,否则有失去用户信任的风险。
如果更多AI开发者采纳Anthropic的立场,聊天机器人广告市场也可能在代理占据主导之前就消亡。DeepAI CEO Kevin Baragona表示,虽然广告收入有意义,但他并不承诺投入,因为在隐私、设计等方面体验还不合适。
“我认为广告对任何人来说都运行得不是很好,”他说。
本文为《模型行为》通讯的一期内容。在此阅读往期通讯。
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中文翻译:
Anthropic坚持今年超级碗广告中的承诺,让Claude保持无广告。该公司近期的IPO文件甚至没有提及通过售卖广告从这款AI聊天机器人获利的可能性。凭借约1120亿美元的投资人现金,保持这一高姿态并不难。
然而,聊天机器人行业可能会发现,售卖广告对于抵消生成AI回复的高昂成本是必要的。OpenAI已全力投入,自2月份ChatGPT推出广告以来,已有超过10万家客户在该平台投放广告。上周,谷歌将其搜索聊天机器人AI Mode的广告扩展至美国以外的10个更多国家,并宣称用户“认为这些广告高度相关”。广告主对目前的体验远未满意,但他们预期情况会改善。
广告对于小众聊天机器人平台的长期生存尤为关键,因为这些平台无法像顶级AI实验室那样依赖同等程度的风险投资慷慨,也无法像科技巨头那样拥有巨额营收。我最近与Koah Labs进行了交流,它是众多专注于AI体验的新广告技术公司之一。这家旧金山初创公司自称将广告带入200多款应用,例如提供创意查询工具的DeepAI,以及专注于在AI回答中提供引用的Liner。它与远程医疗巨头Hims和鲜花配送服务UrbanStems等品牌合作。
Koah吸引的广告主数量仅为OpenAI的十分之一,但CEO Nic Baird仍然相信,随着聊天机器人取代传统搜索引擎,他对哪些做法有效、哪些尚不明朗已经有了较好的把握——以及它们的崛起将对你的AI体验意味着什么。
机器创作
Baird表示,部分由AI而非完全由人工创作的广告带来的点击量翻倍。很难准确评估原因,但AI生成的营销文案放在AI模型的输出旁边,很可能感觉更自然。
由于Koah展示的广告基于广告主提供的产品细节和图像,用户似乎不会遇到AI幻觉产生的错误信息。但Baird表示,一些广告主,例如制药公司,面临政府对其在广告中必须说——或不能说——什么内容的要求。据Baird称,这些公司默认对广告施加更多人工控制,结果效果较弱。
由于信息乏味或感觉像干扰的广告可能会赶走用户,广告技术公司有责任找到一种中间地带,既能吸引用户,又不会触发规避风险的品牌的不安。当人类不在环路中时,这种平衡可能更难实现。
创意定向
在谷歌搜索“压力缓解帮助”很可能会弹出治疗师的广告。在Baird看来,聊天机器人可以更有创意。他说,例如,水疗店的广告在Koah网络中,当用户输入与“压力”相关的提示后展示时,表现良好。
据Baird称,关键区别在于Koah可以基于“不仅是提示词或谷歌搜索,还包括AI平台的回复——这带来了迄今为止对话其余部分的上下文”来选择并定制广告。此外,聊天机器人的提示词长度往往至少是谷歌搜索查询的两倍,这给Koah提供了更多信息来确定相关广告。
Baird声称,用户已经习惯在聊天机器人对话中穿梭于多个话题,这可能使他们比在传统搜索中更容易接受相邻的营销内容。Koah表示,用户约3%的广告会被点击,与更成熟的谷歌广告系统的表现大致相当。
全上下文
当被要求展示广告时,Koah通常会收到用户到此为止的整个对话,以帮助决定展示什么内容。传统搜索查询通常寻找特定信息,而人们往往不仅把聊天机器人当作对话伙伴,还当作知己。随着个性化聊天机器人广告开始激增,用户是否会接受随之而来的隐私取舍,目前尚不清楚。
Baird表示,Koah对其收到的查询进行匿名化处理,并以去标识化的方式存储,但他拒绝就数据收集和存储进一步置评。虽然承认个性化可能变得具有侵入性,但他认为随着技术成熟,用户和广告主都能从中受益。例如,关于聊天机器人讨论的非敏感信息可以为广告点击后加载页面上的个性化内容提供参考。也许某人表达了对某个特定功能的兴趣,或者AI模型没有突出竞品的某个特定缺点。广告主可以填补这一空白。
Koah没有关于人们是否真的想要这些定制页面的数据,但科技行业长期以来一直主张,人们更喜欢广告体验感觉相关。当Koah启用重定向——即向同一用户重复投放广告——时,拥有对话历史也可能使广告主受益。
负面触发
据Koah估计,每四个关于零售商或品牌的聊天机器人查询中,就有一个涉及退货、换货或其他支持问题。Baird认为,聊天机器人为广告主提供了一个在其他地方难以复制的机会,来处理的他们委婉称之为“客户成功”的事项。
他预计制造商和零售商最终会针对失望的客户,提醒他们保修信息,让他们参与AI中介的支持服务,并有可能引导他们远离成本更高的客服互动。AI聊天机器人的回复可能会为用户提供类似的帮助,但购买广告能确保企业传达其信息。
理想的结果是用户比其他方式更快地得到他们可以接受的解决方案。最坏的情况则是浪费了一笔广告投放,消费者更加愤怒。
巨大未知
Koah目前投放广告的应用中,没有一个为用户提供可以自行购物的AI智能体。然而,Instinct和Meta的Muse等应用已经开始为一些用户接管购物事务。Meta CEO马克·扎克伯格最近表示,Muse可能成为公司最大的收入来源,但他暗示收入将来自交易费用而非广告。
这并不意味着广告将完全被排除在机器人主导的电商之外,初步研究表明广告可以影响AI智能体。
Baird预计有机会“给用户的智能体提供尽可能最佳的推荐,而这将是大幅折扣、真正相关的产品”以及便捷的数字购买路径的结合。Baird表示,聊天机器人必须向智能体“极其清晰地”说明哪些内容是赞助的,否则可能失去用户信任。
如果更多AI开发者采纳Anthropic的立场,聊天机器人广告市场也有可能在智能体普及之前就消亡。DeepAI CEO Kevin Baragona表示,虽然广告收入很有意义,但他并未全力投入,因为在隐私、设计等方面,体验感觉还不太对。
“我认为广告对任何人来说都运作得不是特别好,”他说。
本文是Model Behavior新闻通讯的一期内容。在此阅读往期新闻通讯。
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英文来源:
Anthropic is holding firm on the pledge made in its Super Bowl commercial this year to keep Claude ad-free. The company’s recent IPO filing didn’t even mention the possibility of selling ads to make money from the AI chatbot. It’s easy to maintain the high ground with about $112 billion in investor cash.
The chatbot industry, though, may find selling ads necessary to defray the high costs of generating AI responses. OpenAI is all in, with over 100,000 customers advertising in ChatGPT since ads debuted there in February. Last week, Google expanded ads in its search chatbot AI Mode to 10 more countries beyond the US and declared that users “find them highly relevant.” Advertisers are far from satisfied with the experience, but they expect it to improve.
Ads stand to be particularly vital for the long-term viability of niche chatbot platforms, which can’t rely on the same degree of venture capital largesse as the top AI labs or the massive revenues of tech giants. I recently spoke with Koah Labs, one of a number of new ad technology companies focused on AI experiences. The San Francisco startup markets itself as bringing ads to over 200 apps, such as DeepAI, which offers tools for creative queries, and Liner, which focuses on providing citations in AI answers. It works with brands like telehealth giant Hims and flower delivery service UrbanStems.
Koah has attracted just a tenth of the advertisers OpenAI has, but CEO Nic Baird still believes he’s getting a good sense of what’s working and what’s fuzzy as chatbots take over from traditional search engines—and what their rise will mean for your AI experiences.
Machine-Crafted
Ads composed partly by AI rather than fully by a human generate double the clicks, Baird says. It’s difficult to assess exactly why, but AI-generated marketing copy likely feels more natural next to the output of an AI model.
Because ads shown by Koah are grounded in product details and imagery supplied by the advertiser, users don’t seem to be encountering AI-hallucinated, erroneous information. But some advertisers, such as drugmakers, face government requirements on what they must—or cannot—say in ads, Baird says. These companies default to more human control over their ads, generating weaker results, according to Baird.
Since ads with dull messages or that feel like clutter could drive users away, the onus is on ad tech companies to find a middle ground that’s engaging to users without triggering risk-averse brands. That balance might be harder to strike when a human is out of the loop.
Creative Targeting
Google searches for “help with stress” are likely to bring up ads for therapists. Chatbots can get more creative, in Baird’s view. For instance, ads for spas have performed well within Koah’s network when shown after users’ prompts related to “stress,” he says.
The key difference, according to Baird, is that Koah can select and customize the ad based on “not only the prompt, or the Google search, but also the response from the AI platform, which brings context from the rest of the conversation thus far.” In addition, chatbot prompts tend to be at least double the length of Google queries, giving Koah more information to determine a relevant ad.
Baird claims users are accustomed to navigating through multiple topics within a chatbot conversation, which could make them more receptive to adjacent marketing than they are in traditional search. Koah says users are clicking on about 3 percent of ads, about on par with the performance of the more mature Google ads system.
All the Context
When called on to show an ad, Koah generally receives a user’s entire conversation up to that point to help inform what it displays. While traditional search queries generally look for specific information, people often use chatbots as not just conversation partners but confidants. It’s unclear whether users will accept the privacy trade-offs that come with personalized chatbot ads as they begin to proliferate.
Baird says Koah anonymizes the queries it receives and stores them in a de-identified way, but he declined to comment any further on the data collection and storage. While acknowledging that personalization can become intrusive, he argues that there are benefits for users and advertisers alike as the tech matures. Nonsensitive information about chatbot discussions, for instance, could inform personalized content on the page that loads after an ad click. Perhaps someone expressed interest in a specific feature, or the AI model didn’t highlight a particular downside of a competing product. The advertiser could fill in the gap.
Koah doesn’t have data on whether people actually want these customized pages, but the tech industry has long argued that people prefer when ad experiences feel relevant. Having the conversation history also could benefit advertisers when Koah enables retargeting, or repeating, an ad to the same user.
Negative Triggers
By Koah’s estimate, one out of every four chatbot queries about a retailer or brand concerns a return, exchange, or other support issue. Baird believes chatbots provide an opportunity not replicated easily elsewhere for advertisers to address what they might politely call a “customer success” matter.
He expects manufacturers and retailers will eventually target disappointed customers to remind them about warranties, engage them in an AI-intermediated support, and potentially steer them away from a more costly customer service interaction. It’s possible that the AI chatbot’s response may provide users with similar help, but buying an ad guarantees companies get their message across.
The ideal outcome is users reaching resolution they can live with more swiftly than through other means. In the worst case, it's a wasted ad buy and a more irate consumer.
Great Unknown
None of the apps Koah currently serves ads in offer users AI agents that can shop on their own. However, apps like Instinct and Meta’s Muse are starting to take over shopping chores for some users. Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg recently said Muse could become the company’s biggest source of revenue but suggested it would come from transaction fees rather than ads.
That doesn’t mean advertising will be entirely cut out from bot-dominated ecommerce, with initial studies suggesting that ads could influence AI agents.
Baird expects an opportunity to give “the user's agent the best possible recommendation, and that’s going to be a combination of a great discount, a really relevant product,” and an easy digital path to make the purchase. The chatbot must make “abundantly clear” to the agent what content is sponsored or else risk losing user trust, Baird says.
It’s also possible the chatbot ad market fizzles out before agents take hold if more AI developers adopt Anthropic’s stance. Kevin Baragona, CEO of DeepAI, says while ad revenue has been meaningful, he’s not committed to it because the experience just doesn’t feel right yet in terms of privacy, design, and more.
“I don’t think the ads are working terribly well for anyone,” he says.
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文章标题:聊天机器人广告已经到来。以下是行之有效的做法——以及行不通的做法
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