费米探索团队计划发射一枚探测器,预计将在8万年后抵达邻近的恒星系……

内容来源:https://www.geekwire.com/2026/fermi-explorer-alpha-centauri-80000-years/
内容总结:
西雅图一家名为“费米探索者使命”的非营利组织今日公布了其宏伟计划:将派遣一艘航天器,踏上为期八万年的旅程,飞往距离地球最近的恒星系统——半人马座阿尔法星。若任务如期推进,这将是星际航行史上的一座里程碑。然而,该组织联合创始人兼总裁菲利普·约翰斯顿表示,他并不指望“费米探索者”能成为人类造访半人马座阿尔法星的首位使者,他更寄望于子孙后代能在公元82026年之前找到更快捷的星际旅行方式。“我们将是第一个出发的,也必将是最后一个到达的。”他说。
这艘机器人航天器不会依赖反物质、二锂晶体或其他科幻作品中常见的星际推进装置,而是采用经过验证的太阳能电推进系统,为这趟4.4光年的旅程逐步加速。约翰斯顿及其团队已为招标流程制定了任务要求,目标是将设计、建造、发射及运行探测器的总成本控制在1500万美元以内。同时,他们也在积极筹集资金,计划于2029年底前完成发射。
此次任务能否成行,取决于资金筹措情况,但约翰斯顿对达成1500万美元目标信心十足。“我们已经筹集了可观的启动资金,但大头将在今天公告后启动。”他在给GeekWire的邮件中表示,“已有一位亿万富翁太空领域创始人口头承诺捐赠1000万美元。”谈及美国国家航空航天局(NASA)时,约翰斯顿称:“我们正与NASA接洽,但他们支持任务的流程非常漫长。我们欢迎他们参与,但无论有无他们,我们都会完成使命。”
约翰斯顿与另外两位联合创始人埃兹拉·费尔登和阿迪·奥尔蒂安还共同创立了总部位于华盛顿州雷德蒙德的Starcloud公司,计划发射多达88000颗卫星作为人工智能数据中心。约翰斯顿表示,这两个项目在运营上互不重叠。项目经理加勒特·詹姆森曾任美国空军军官,将负责日常运作。“我们选择加勒特,是为了确保任务能真正发射升空。”约翰斯顿说,“他没有喷气推进实验室或学术背景,但拥有十年空军军官经验,执行过包括太空行动在内的多项任务。他的职责是遴选供应商并确保他们如期交付。”
十年前,亿万富翁尤里·米尔纳宣布了1亿美元的“突破摄星”计划,旨在向半人马座阿尔法星发射一群微型航天器,该计划曾获斯蒂芬·霍金和马克·扎克伯格等名流支持,但最终未能成行。去年,《科学美国人》援引该项目执行主任、退役空军准将皮特·沃登的话称,“突破摄星”已暂停。约翰斯顿说:“我与该计划的前项目经理交流过,他想在人的有生之年实现目标,而我们的任务截然不同。”
根据任务规划,航天器将从运载火箭上部署,随后环绕地球和太阳运行,通过一系列近日点泵动变轨逐步加速。当探测器达到预定逃逸速度后,将直奔半人马座阿尔法星。“我们将有12年的运行期,随后是长达79500年的巡航期。”约翰斯顿表示。巡航期间,探测器将以每秒24.2公里(约每小时54000英里)的速度飞行。约翰斯顿称,飞越半人马座阿尔法星系统时,相对速度将为每秒17.9公里(约每小时40000英里),比2015年“新视野号”飞掠冥王星时快约25%。
技术规格要求有效载荷最小为1公斤(约2.2磅),置于一个10×10×10厘米(4×4×4英寸)的屏蔽盒内。载荷可包括艺术作品或科学实验设备,例如宇宙射线离子探测器或星际尘埃捕获器。“费米探索者”团队计划开放三个月的载荷征集期,并根据可行性、成本等因素进行筛选。团队还计划将旅行者号任务“金唱片”的数字化微刻副本及世界各地儿童的寄语一并送上太空。项目为支持者提供了多种“留名”方式,从10美元的网站署名到100万美元的宝石大小实物搭载不等。
“儿童寄语的意义在于激励下一代。”约翰斯顿在邮件中写道,“成年人可以付费参与😅。”任务不计划在行星轨道运行或着陆,探测器将在飞越半人马座阿尔法星后继续向外航行。约翰斯顿希望未来的星际旅行者能截获它。“这就是我们取回数据的方式。”他说。
“费米探索者”团队利用人工智能辅助分析验证了任务的技术可行性,并组建了人类顾问委员会,成员包括西雅图Interlune公司首席执行官、蓝色起源前总裁罗布·迈耶森,博塞尔Portal Space Systems首席执行官、SpaceX前推进工程主管杰夫·索恩伯格,AstroForge首席执行官马修·贾利奇,Astro Digital首席执行官克里斯·比迪,SpaceX工程师阿什坎·博尔纳,以及麻省理工学院物理学家兼发明家亚历克斯·维斯纳-格罗斯。迈耶森在邮件中表示:“菲利普和我讨论这个想法已有段时间,他请我担任顾问。我相信菲利普的领导力,这样的大胆构想值得尝试,我很高兴参与其中。”
约翰斯顿暗示SpaceX可能扮演关键角色。“我们很可能通过SpaceX的拼车任务发射,但这最终由供应商决定。”他说。在谈及航天器制造招标时,约翰斯顿表示:“我们已收到来自美国制造商的可靠报价,他们曾完成数百次成功任务。”这一描述符合SpaceX的形象。“费米探索者”能否真正升空?未来几个月将见分晓。“任务势在必行。”约翰斯顿坚称,“绝无‘不发射’的可能。”
关于此次任务,还有一个更深层次的问题:为何要这么做?当“费米探索者”抵达半人马座阿尔法星时,所有参与发射的人早已离世,且无法保证它真能到达,更无法确认人类能否知晓结果。答案就藏在任务名称中。“费米探索者”得名于物理学家恩里科·费米1950年提出的“费米悖论”:如果宇宙中智能生命普遍存在,那他们在哪里?有观点认为,某种“大过滤器”阻止了物种向星际扩张。约翰斯顿在邮件中写道:“我担心费米悖论对未来几十年的影响(即我们是否正逼近‘大过滤器’)。我发起这项任务,主要是为了唤起人们对费米悖论的关注,同时也想逐一检验更多可能的‘大过滤器’假说。”
更多任务详情可访问FermiExplorer.org。
中文翻译:
西雅图地区一家名为“费米探索者任务”的非营利组织今日公布了其计划,将一艘航天器送往最近的系外恒星系统——半人马座阿尔法星,旅程预计耗时8万年。如果任务按计划进行,这将是星际飞行的一个里程碑。但该组织的联合创始人兼总裁菲利普·约翰斯顿并不指望“费米探索者”能成为人类首个抵达半人马座阿尔法星的访客。他寄望于我们的后代能在从现在到公元82026年之间找到更快的旅行方式。“我们将是第一个出发的,也是最后一个到达的,”他说。这艘机器人航天器不会由反物质、二锂晶体或其他科幻小说中星际旅行的惯用手段提供动力。相反,它将依靠一种久经考验的太阳能电推进系统来加速完成这段4.4光年的旅程。约翰斯顿和他的团队成员为招标过程制定了任务要求,目标是将设计、建造、发射和运行该探测器的成本控制在1500万美元以下。他们还在征集捐款,发射目标定在2029年底前。任务的实施取决于能否筹集到所需资金,但约翰斯顿对达到1500万美元的目标表示了信心。“我们已经筹集了相当可观的资金,但大部分资金将在(今天的)公告之后启动募集,”他在给GeekWire的电子邮件中表示。“已有一位亿万富翁太空创始人口头承诺出资1000万美元。”那NASA呢?“我们正在与NASA洽谈,但他们支持任务的流程非常漫长,”约翰斯顿说。“我们希望他们参与进来,但无论有没有他们,我们都会完成任务。”约翰斯顿和该组织的其他联合创始人——埃兹拉·费尔登和阿迪·奥尔蒂安——还共同创立了位于华盛顿州雷德蒙德的Starcloud公司,该公司计划发射多达8.8万颗卫星作为AI数据中心。约翰斯顿表示,这两个项目在运营上没有重叠。项目经理加勒特·詹姆森曾是美国空军军官,将负责日常运营。“我们选择加勒特是为了优化‘真正发射出去’这一目标,”约翰斯顿说。“而不是从喷气推进实验室或学术界找人,加勒特有10年空军军官经验,在包括太空行动在内的许多任务中都有出色交付。他的工作是选择供应商并确保他们按时交付。”十年前,亿万富翁尤里·米尔纳宣布了一项名为“突破摄星”的1亿美元计划,旨在向半人马座阿尔法星发送一群微型航天器——但这项由斯蒂芬·霍金和马克·扎克伯格等人支持的努力从未真正启动。去年,《科学美国人》援引该项目执行主任、退役空军准将皮特·沃登的话说,“突破摄星”已被搁置。“我和那里的前项目经理谈过,”约翰斯顿说。“他试图在人的有生之年完成它。我们的任务则非常不同。”任务计划要求航天器从运载火箭上部署,然后环绕地球和太阳运行,通过一系列近日点泵送机动来积累速度。当探测器达到计划的逃逸速度时,它将飞向半人马座阿尔法星。“我们将有一个12年的运行期……然后是79500年的巡航期,”约翰斯顿说。在巡航期间,探测器将以每秒24.2公里(每小时5.4万英里)的速度飞行。约翰斯顿表示,穿越半人马座阿尔法星系的飞行将以每秒17.9公里(每小时4万英里)的相对速度进行——大约比2015年“新视野号”飞越冥王星时快25%。技术规格要求在一个10×10×10厘米(4×4×4英寸)的屏蔽盒内搭载至少1公斤(2.2磅)的有效载荷。有效载荷可能包括艺术作品或科学实验——例如宇宙射线离子探测器或星际尘埃收集器。“费米探索者”团队计划为这类有效载荷安排三个月的征集期,并将根据可行性、成本和其他因素进行筛选。该团队计划发送一份“旅行者号”任务金唱片的数字化微刻副本,以及来自世界各地儿童的信息。该项目还为支持者提供了多种“留下印记”的方式,价格从10美元的网站提及到100万美元在探测器上放置一颗宝石大小的物体不等。“儿童信息的目的是激励下一代,”约翰斯顿在邮件中说。“成年人可以付费。😅”没有计划绕行或着陆在任何行星上。相反,探测器将在飞越半人马座阿尔法星后继续向外飞行。约翰斯顿希望未来的星际旅行者能截获它。“这就是我们获取数据回传的方式,”他说。“费米探索者”团队进行了一项AI辅助分析,以验证该计划在技术上的可行性。此外还有一个人类顾问委员会,成员包括总部位于西雅图的Interlune公司首席执行官、前蓝色起源总裁罗伯·迈耶森;华盛顿州博塞尔市Portal Space Systems公司首席执行官、前SpaceX推进工程负责人杰夫·索恩伯格;AstroForge首席执行官马修·贾利奇;Astro Digital首席执行官克里斯·比迪;SpaceX工程师阿什坎·博尔纳;以及麻省理工学院物理学家兼发明家亚历克斯·维斯纳-格罗斯。“菲利普和我就这个想法讨论了一段时间,他请我作为顾问支持他,”迈耶森在给GeekWire的电子邮件中说。“我相信菲利普作为领导者的能力,像这样的大想法需要有人去尝试。我很高兴参与其中。”约翰斯顿暗示SpaceX可能扮演关键角色。“我们很可能会搭载SpaceX的拼车任务发射,但这将由供应商来决定,”他说。在讨论提供航天器的招标过程时,约翰斯顿表示,“我们已经收到了来自美国制造商的可靠报价,这些制造商已完成数百次成功任务”——这一描述符合SpaceX的形象。“费米探索者”真的会发射升空吗?接下来的几个月应该会见分晓。“任务一定会进行,”约翰斯顿坚称。“不会有‘不进行’的情况。”关于这项任务还有一个更深层次的问题:为什么要做?参与发射“费米探索者”的所有人在它抵达半人马座阿尔法星时都早已离世。而且无法保证它真的能到达那里,也无法保证人类是否会知道它到达了。答案就在名字里。“费米探索者”指的是物理学家恩里科·费米在1950年提出的费米悖论:如果宇宙中智慧生命很普遍,那大家都在哪里?一些人认为存在一道“大过滤器”阻止物种跨越星际扩张。“我担心费米悖论对未来几十年意味着什么(即,我们是否正面临一道大过滤器),”约翰斯顿在邮件中说。“我做这项任务主要是为了引起人们对费米悖论的关注,同时也是为了排除更多可能的‘大过滤器’。”欲了解更多任务详情,请访问FermiExplorer.org。
英文来源:
A Seattle-area nonprofit group known as the Fermi Explorer Mission today unveiled its plans to send a spacecraft on an 80,000-year trip to the nearest alien star system, Alpha Centauri.
If the mission goes as planned, it would mark a milestone for interstellar flight. But Philip Johnston, the group’s co-founder and president, doesn’t expect Fermi Explorer to be humanity’s first visitor to Alpha Centauri. He’s counting on our descendants to figure out faster ways to travel between now and the year 82026.
“We’ll be the first to leave, and the last to arrive,” he said.
The robotic spacecraft won’t be powered by antimatter, dilithium crystals or other science-fiction standbys for traveling between stars. Instead, it will depend on a tried-and-true solar electric propulsion system to build up speed for the 4.4-light-year trip.
Johnston and his teammates laid out the mission requirements for a bidding process that aims to keep the cost of designing, building, launching and operating the probe below $15 million. They’re also soliciting contributions, with launch targeted by the end of 2029.
The mission is contingent on raising the required funds, but Johnston voiced confidence about hitting the $15 million target. “We have raised significant funds already, but the bulk of the raise will kick off after [today’s] announcement,” he told GeekWire in an email. “One billionaire space founder already verbally offered $10M.”
What about NASA? “We are talking with NASA, but they have a very long process for backing missions,” Johnston said. “We would love to have them involved but will complete the mission with or without them.”
Johnston and the group’s other co-founders — Ezra Feilden and Adi Oltean — also founded Redmond, Wash.-based Starcloud, which plans to launch up to 88,000 satellites to serve as AI data centers. Johnston said there is no operational overlap between the two ventures.
Program manager Garrett Jameson, a former U.S. Air Force officer, will lead day-to-day operations. “We chose Garrett to optimize for something actually being launched,” Johnston said. “Rather than getting someone from JPL or an academic background, Garrett has 10 years of experience as an Air Force officer where he delivered on many missions, including space operations. His job will be selecting vendors and ensuring they deliver.”
Ten years ago, billionaire Yuri Milner announced a $100 million initiative called Breakthrough Starshot that aimed to send a swarm of micro-spacecraft to Alpha Centauri — but that effort, backed by the likes of Stephen Hawking and Mark Zuckerberg, never really got off the ground. Last year, Scientific American quoted the project’s executive director, retired Air Force Brig. Gen. Pete Worden, as saying that Starshot was put on hold.
“I spoke with the former program manager there,” Johnston said. “He was trying to do it in a human lifetime. Ours is a very different mission.”
The mission plan calls for the spacecraft to deploy from its launch vehicle and then loop around Earth and the sun to build up speed through a series of perihelion pumping maneuvers. When the probe reaches the planned escape velocity, it will head out for Alpha Centauri. “We will have a 12-year operation period … and then a 79,500-year coast period,” Johnston said.
During the cruise, the probe will travel at a speed of 24.2 kilometers per second (54,000 mph). Johnston said the flight through the Alpha Centauri system will occur at a relative velocity of 17.9 km/s (40,000 mph) — roughly 25% faster than New Horizons’ Pluto flyby in 2015.
Specifications call for a minimum payload of 1 kilogram (2.2 pounds) inside a shielded 10-by-10-by-10-centimeter box (4 by 4 by 4 inches). The payloads could include artistic works or scientific experiments — for example, a cosmic-ray ion detector or an interstellar dust catcher. The Fermi Explorer team plans to schedule a three-month solicitation period for such payloads, and will make their selections based on feasibility, cost and other factors.
The team plans to send a digitized and micro-etched copy of the Voyager mission’s Golden Record, plus messages from children around the world. And the project offers several ways for supporters to “make their mark” on the mission, priced from $10 for a website mention to $1 million to place an gem-sized object on the probe.
“The purpose of messages from children is to inspire the next generation,” Johnston said in his email. “Grownups can pay.😅”
There’s no plan to orbit or land on a planet. Instead, the probe will continue outward after the Alpha Centauri encounter. Johnston hopes that future interstellar travelers will intercept it. “That is how we will get the data back,” he said.
The Fermi Explorer team conducted an AI-assisted analysis to verify that the plan was technically feasible. There’s also a board of human advisers, including Rob Meyerson, CEO of Seattle-based Interlune and former president of Blue Origin; Jeff Thornburg, CEO of Bothell, Wash.-based Portal Space Systems and former head of propulsion engineering at SpaceX; AstroForge CEO Matthew Gialich; Astro Digital CEO Chris Biddy; SpaceX engineer Ashkan Borna; and Alex Wissner-Gross, a physicist and inventor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
“Philip and I have been talking about this idea for some time, and he asked me to support him as an adviser,” Meyerson told GeekWire in an email. “I believe in Philip as a leader, and big ideas like this need to be tried. I’m happy to be involved.”
Johnston hinted that SpaceX could play a key role. “We will most likely launch on a SpaceX rideshare, but that will be up to the vendor to select,” he said. When discussing the bidding process for providing the spacecraft, Johnston said that “we already have credible bids from U.S. manufacturers who have completed hundreds of successful missions” — a description that fits SpaceX’s profile.
Will Fermi Explorer actually lift off? The next few months should tell the tale. “The mission will happen,” Johnston insisted. “There will not be a no-go.”
There’s another, even deeper question about the mission: Why do it? Everyone involved in launching the Fermi Explorer will be long gone by the time it gets to Alpha Centauri. And there’s no guarantee that it will actually get there, or that humans will ever know if it does.
The answer lies in the name. “Fermi Explorer” is a reference to the Fermi Paradox, posed by physicist Enrico Fermi in 1950: If intelligent life is common in the universe, where is everybody? Some suggest that a “Great Filter” prevents species from expanding across the stars.
“I’m worried about the implications of the Fermi Paradox for the coming decades (i.e., are we coming up on a Great Filter),” Johnston said in his email. “I am doing the mission mainly to draw attention to the Fermi Paradox, and also to tick off a few more possible Great Filters.”
Learn more about the mission at FermiExplorer.org.
文章标题:费米探索团队计划发射一枚探测器,预计将在8万年后抵达邻近的恒星系……
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