AI可以将科学论文转变为研究助手

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AI可以将科学论文转变为研究助手

内容来源:https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ai-scientific-papers-research-assistant

内容总结:

一种名为Paper2Agent的新系统可将科学论文转化为AI助手工具集。该系统由斯坦福大学计算机科学家James Zou团队开发,能将附带代码、方法和数据的论文打包成可供AI助手使用的工具集,使其能够处理新数据。相关成果于9月16日发表在《自然》杂志上。

在测试中,Zou团队尝试将100篇计算生物学论文转化为可运行的工具集,其中74篇成功转化,其余论文因代码或数据缺失、软件无法运行等问题未能完成。对于成功转化的论文,Paper2Agent工具集能够对已发表研究进行分析并回答相关问题,其准确性和速度均优于直接使用原始论文和代码的通用AI助手,速度快一倍以上。

未参与该研究的西雅图艾伦人工智能研究所高级研究主任Peter Clark表示,让其他科学家的代码变得可用需要大量工作。研究人员虽已在GitHub等平台共享代码,但他通常需要花费半天时间“翻找”才能弄清如何运行。通用AI助手如Claude虽有帮助,但通常会即时生成新代码。Paper2Agent则不同,它将论文相关代码打包成可复用工具,对照参考输出进行测试,并编写逐步指令指导AI助手使用哪些工具及使用顺序。Clark认为这使AI与科研交互的过程更加简化和标准化,是迈向论文主动帮助科学家这一目标的“令人兴奋的一步”。

Zou认为,将科学论文转化为智能体是知识传播的自然演进。人类已从石板、纸莎草纸发展到纸张和数字格式,如今是从被动格式转向主动格式的时候了。论文智能体可帮助科学家快速使用他人的代码和方法,还能搜索相似主题的论文智能体,以提醒人类作者潜在的合作机会。Zou表示,其团队已基于自身工作创建了“100多个不同的论文智能体”,并已借此找到了其他合作科学家。

Clark指出,Paper2Agent专注于帮助科学家复用方法和代码,而非回答一般性问题——而真正的虚拟作者应具备后一能力。他还担心,如果数百万篇低质量论文被转化为智能体并骚扰科学家,情况可能“变得更糟而非更好”,令人想起微软Office中备受诟病的Clippy助手。不过他希望出现一个“不烦人的智能体”主动告知他应关注的工作。对于论文中更开放性的问题,Clark表示他仍希望与研究人员本人交流——“我给通讯作者写信的原因,恰恰是为了了解他们没有写进论文里的东西。”

中文翻译:

AI能将科学论文转化为研究助手
其中一种实现方法比通用AI更快、更准确
科学论文或许正在迎来21世纪的升级。
一个名为Paper2Agent的系统让科学家不仅能阅读新的科学研究,还能做更多事情。研究人员9月16日在《自然》杂志上报告称,当一篇论文附带代码、方法和数据时,该系统会将这些内容打包成一套工具集,供AI助手用来处理新数据。
斯坦福大学的计算机科学家James Zou表示,该系统本质上相当于“论文的虚拟作者”,可以全天候使用。
在测试中,Zou及其同事尝试将100篇计算生物学论文转化为可运行的工具集,成功转化了74篇。其余论文存在代码或数据缺失、软件无法运行等障碍。对于成功转化的论文,Paper2Agent工具集能够对已发表的研究进行分析,并回答关于结果的问题。与同一智能体基于原始论文及附带代码工作相比,它的准确率更高,速度也快了一倍以上。
华盛顿州西雅图艾伦人工智能研究所的高级研究主管Peter Clark(未参与Paper2Agent的开发)表示,让另一位科学家的代码变得可用可能需要大量工作。研究人员已经在GitHub等平台上共享代码。但Clark说,他经常需要“翻找”半天才能弄清楚如何让它运行起来。
他说,像Claude这样的通用AI助手可以提供帮助,但它通常是即时生成新代码。Paper2Agent则不同,它将论文相关的代码打包成可复用的工具,对照参考输出进行测试,并编写分步说明,指导AI助手使用哪些工具以及按什么顺序使用。Clark说,这简化并标准化了利用AI与科学研究交互的过程。这是迈向论文能主动帮助科学家的“令人振奋的一步”。
在Zou看来,将科学论文转化为智能体似乎是传播知识的自然下一步。他说,我们已经从石板和莎草纸走到了纸张,再到数字格式,现在是时候让人类知识从被动格式走向主动格式了。论文智能体可以帮助一位人类科学家快速使用另一位科学家的代码和方法。该工具还可以搜索关于相似主题的论文智能体,以便提醒其人类作者潜在的合作机会。
Zou说,他的团队已经根据自己的工作创建了“100多个不同的论文智能体”,这些智能体已经帮助他找到了其他科学家进行合作。
Clark指出,Paper2Agent专长于帮助科学家复用方法和代码,而非回答一般性问题——而一个真正的虚拟作者应该能够做到后者。此外,他担心如果数百万篇低质量论文被转化为能够骚扰科学家的智能体,可能会发生什么。他说,这可能会让事情“变得更糟而非更好”,并回忆起当年备受诟病的微软Office助手Clippy。但他很希望有一个“不烦人的智能体”弹出来,告诉他应该关注的工作。
对于关于论文的更开放式问题,Clark说,他仍然希望与做研究的人交谈。“我给通讯作者写信的原因,恰恰是为了那些他们没有写进论文里的东西。”

英文来源:

AI could turn scientific papers into research assistants
One method for doing this works faster and more accurately than general-purpose AI
Scientific papers may be getting a 21st century update.
A system called Paper2Agent lets scientists do more than read a new scientific study. When a paper comes with code, methods and data, the system packages these into a tool set that an AI assistant can use to work with new data, researchers report September 16 in Nature.
The system is essentially “a virtual author of the paper,” available around the clock, says James Zou, a computer scientist at Stanford University.
In tests, Zou and colleagues tried to convert 100 computational biology papers into working tool sets and succeeded with 74. The others had obstacles such as missing code or data, or software that wouldn’t run. With the papers that were converted, the Paper2Agent tool set could run analyses of the published work and answer questions about the results. It did so more accurately and also more than twice as fast as the same agent working from the original papers and accompanying code.
Making another scientist’s code usable can take substantial work, says Peter Clark, a senior research director at the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Seattle who was not involved in developing Paper2Agent. Researchers already share code on platforms such as GitHub. But Clark says he often has to “grub around” for half a day to figure out how to get it running.
A general-purpose AI assistant such as Claude can help, he says, but it typically generates new code on the fly. Paper2Agent instead packages code associated with a paper into reusable tools, tests them against reference outputs and writes step-by-step instructions guiding an AI assistant on which tools to use and in what order. This streamlines and standardizes the process of using AI to interact with scientific research, Clark says. It’s “an exciting step” toward papers that actively help scientists.
To Zou, transforming scientific papers into agents seem like a natural next step for transmitting knowledge. We’ve already moved from stone tablets and papyrus to paper and then to digital formats, he says, and now it’s time to move from passive to active formats for human knowledge. A paper-agent can help one human scientist quickly use another’s code and methods. The tool can also search for paper-agents about similar topics with the aim of alerting their human authors about potential collaborations.
Zou says his team has already created “over 100 different paper-agents” from their own work and that these have already helped him find other scientists to collaborate with.
Clark notes that Paper2Agent specializes in helping scientists reuse methods and code, and not in answering general questions, like a true virtual author should be able to do. Also, he worries about what could happen if millions of low-quality papers get turned into agents capable of pestering scientists. That could make things “worse rather than better,” he says, recalling the days of Clippy, the much-maligned Microsoft Office assistant. But he’d love for a “non-annoying agent” to pop up and tell him about work that he should be paying attention to.
For more open-ended questions about a paper, Clark says he would still want to talk to the people who did the research. “The reason I would write to a corresponding author is for precisely the things they didn’t put in the paper.”

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