OpenAI宣布三项重大科学发现,并推出与学术界合作的新方式

内容来源:https://www.theverge.com/ai-artificial-intelligence/1019143/openai-eth-kaseya-science-math-physics
内容总结:
OpenAI近日宣布在数学、计算机科学和物理学领域取得三项“重大”发现,这是继其大规模发布数百份据称包含长期数学难题解答的手稿后不到一个月内的最新动作。与此前不同的是,OpenAI此次在计算机科学和物理学领域引入了外部专家担任“指导人”来引导结果,而在数学问题上,OpenAI表示专家建议其直接发布AI输出,由研究人员自行研究并撰写解释。
OpenAI同时宣布了三项重大科学发现以及与学术界合作的新方式。该公司表示,此次正在采纳科学家关于如何发布结果的新建议。相关结果已于今日添加至GitHub:
数学方面: 欧几里得波动方程的局部光滑性。该证明使用一个辅助偏微分方程来建立Sogge局部光滑性,适用于所有空间维度不小于二的情形。该结果还推出了Kakeya极大猜想和维数猜想,以及Stein球面限制估计在猜想范围内的全部内部成立。OpenAI表示,与10月6日的发布一样,此次直接发布模型输出。
计算机科学方面: 指数时间假说(ETH)为假。论文给出了一种确定性算法,可在亚指数时间和多项式空间内精确计数固定宽度CNF公式的可满足赋值。3-SAT情形即构成对指数时间假说的反驳。由Russell Impagliazzo、Ramamohan Paturi和Ryan Williams领导的独立计算机科学家工作组将审查并解释该证明。应工作组要求,OpenAI立即公开材料,以便其他人也能进行审查。
OpenAI承认这种方法本身可能存在问题。该公司组建的AGMAI数学顾问小组昨日表示,“我们建议AI公司不要采用”指定特定人员优先获取输出的做法,并指出不平等获取、借用声誉和选择性偏见等问题。顾问小组反而建议,未来AI实验室应在学术存储库上发布输出,附带Lean形式化证明、问题选择信息、为理解结果的研究人员提供资助以及其他信息。
物理学方面: 相关信息尚未完整发布,但据称是“某些包含规范场和费米子的四维相互作用量子场论的数学严格存在性证明,包括量子色动力学(QCD)和粒子物理标准模型的统一完备化”。据OpenAI介绍,“David Gross将领导一个包括Michael Douglas、Arthur Jaffe、Igor Klebanov和Nikita Nekrasov在内的小组来指导这项工作。”
计算机科学合作方面,据称证明了广受认可的指数时间假说实际上为假。OpenAI表示,结果验证将由包括加州大学圣地亚哥分校的Russell Impagliazzo和Ramamohan Paturi(二人均为1999年最初提出该假说的团队成员)以及麻省理工学院教授Ryan Williams在内的三位专家组成的小组指导。该小组决定今日在GitHub上发布AI输出文稿和Lean证明。
OpenAI还向社区发布了一封公开信,就如何审查该主张以及如何建立处理AI生成突破的规范征求意见。公开信提出三个更广泛的问题:早期获取AI生成结果的期望规范、利益冲突披露以及未发表材料用于后续研究的规定应如何制定;如何认可新发现以及检查、修正、简化、解释和扩展这些发现的工作;如何在方法和研究方向变化时支持学生和研究人员,同时保留质疑结果和发展新想法所需的理解力和判断力。
数学突破方面也有类似文档。OpenAI的模型“在每个维度上给出了局部光滑猜想的证明,因此也解决了所有维度上的Kakeya猜想和Stein限制猜想”。就在几个月前,纽约大学教授王虹因解决三维Kakeya猜想而获得国际数学联盟颁发的菲尔兹奖。
中文翻译:
OpenAI在大规模发布数百份手稿后不到一个月,又带来了数学、计算机科学和物理学领域的三项“重大”发现。此前它称那些手稿包含长期悬而未决的数学问题的解答。这次的不同之处在于,OpenAI选择让被其称为“牧羊人”的外部专家来引导计算机科学和物理学领域的成果,而对于数学问题,它表示专家建议其发布AI输出,由研究人员自行研究并给出自己的解释。
OpenAI宣布三项重大科学发现及一种与学术界合作的新方式
这一次OpenAI表示,它正在采纳科学家关于如何发布成果的新建议。
这一次OpenAI表示,它正在采纳科学家关于如何发布成果的新建议。
OpenAI今日将成果添加至GitHub:
欧几里得波动方程的局部光滑性。该证明使用一个辅助偏微分方程来建立Sogge关于至少二维空间中波的局部光滑性。它还在猜想范围的整个内部给出了Kakeya极大猜想和维数猜想以及Stein球面限制估计。我们直接发布模型输出,与10月6日发布时的做法一致。
指数时间假说不成立。该论文给出了一种确定性算法,可在亚指数时间和多项式空间内精确计数固定宽度CNF公式的可满足赋值。3-SAT的情形驳斥了指数时间假说。由Russell Impagliazzo、Ramamohan Paturi和Ryan Williams领导的一个独立计算机科学家工作组将审查并解释该证明。应工作组要求,我们立即公开材料,以便其他人也能审查。
该公司承认,这种做法可能有其自身的问题,而OpenAI组建的AGMAI数学顾问小组昨天刚表示,“我们建议AI公司不要采用”指定某些人优先获得输出的做法,理由包括获取不平等、借用声誉和选择性偏见等问题。相反,他们建议未来AI实验室在学术存储库上发布输出,附带Lean形式化证明、问题如何被选择的信息、为致力于理解结果的人员提供资助,以及其他信息。
物理学信息尚未完整发布,但这是一个“关于四维空间中包含规范场和费米子的某些相互作用量子场论的数学严格存在性证明,包括量子色动力学(QCD)和粒子物理学标准模型的统一完备化。”据OpenAI称,“David Gross将领导一个包括Michael Douglas、Arthur Jaffe、Igor Klebanov和Nikita Nekrasov在内的小组来指导这项工作。”
据报道,计算机科学领域的合作证明了长期以来被广泛认为成立的指数时间假说(ETH)实际上不成立。OpenAI表示,该结果的验证将由一个三人专家组指导,其中包括加州大学圣地亚哥分校的Russell Impagliazzo和Ramamohan Paturi——他们是最初于1999年提出该假说的团队成员——以及麻省理工学院教授Ryan Williams。该小组决定今天在GitHub上发布AI输出报告和Lean证明。
他们还发布了一封致社区的公开信,就如何审查该主张以及如何制定处理AI生成突破的规范征求建议:
我们欢迎就三个更广泛的问题展开讨论:
什么样的预期应当规范对AI生成成果的早期获取、利益冲突的披露,以及将未发表材料用于后续研究?
应如何认可新发现以及检查、修正、简化、解释和扩展这些发现的工作?
在方法研究方向变化的过程中,我们如何支持学生和研究人员,同时保留质疑结果和发展新想法所需的理解力和判断力?
数学突破也有类似的文件,其模型“在每个维度上给出了局部光滑猜想的证明,因此也在所有维度上解决了Kakeya猜想和Stein限制猜想。”就在几个月前,纽约大学教授王虹因解决三维Kakeya猜想而被国际数学联盟授予著名的菲尔兹奖。
英文来源:
Less than a month after its mass release of hundreds of manuscripts that it said contained solutions to long-standing mathematics questions, OpenAI is back with three more “major” discoveries in math, computer science, and physics. What’s different this time is the choice to have external experts that OpenAI describes as “shepherds” guiding the results in computer science and physics, while for the math problem it says that they advised it to release the AI output for researchers to work through their own explanations.
OpenAI announces three big science discoveries and a new way to work with academics
This time OpenAI says it’s taking new advice from scientists on how to release the results.
This time OpenAI says it’s taking new advice from scientists on how to release the results.
OpenAI results added to GitHub today:
Local smoothing for the Euclidean wave equation. The proof uses an auxiliary partial differential equation to establish Sogge’s local smoothing for waves in every spatial dimension at least two. It also yields the Kakeya maximal and dimension conjectures and Stein’s spherical restriction estimates throughout the interior of the conjectured range. We are releasing the model output directly, as we did in our October 6 release.
The Exponential Time Hypothesis is False. The paper gives a deterministic algorithm that exactly counts satisfying assignments of fixed-width CNF formulas in subexponential time and polynomial space. The case of 3-SAT refutes the Exponential Time Hypothesis. An independent working group of computer scientists led by Russell Impagliazzo, Ramamohan Paturi, and Ryan Williams will examine and explain the proof. At the group’s request, we are making the materials public immediately so others can examine them as well.
This approach could have its own issues, the company admits, and the AGMAI panel of math advisers OpenAI put together just said yesterday that “we recommend that AI companies do not adopt” the practices of designating certain people to receive the output first, citing unequal access, borrowed reputation, and biased selection as a few of the issues. Instead, they recommended that in the future, AI labs release output on scholarly repositories, with Lean-formalized proofs, info on how the problems were chosen, funding for people working on understanding the results, and other information.
The physics information has not been released in full, but is a “mathematically rigorous existence proof of certain interacting quantum field theories containing gauge fields and fermions in four dimensions, including Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and a unified completion of the Standard Model of particle physics.” According to OpenAI, “David Gross will lead a group including Michael Douglas, Arthur Jaffe, Igor Klebanov, and Nikita Nekrasov that will shepherd this work.”
The computer science collaboration is said to prove that the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH), which has been widely believed to be true, is actually false. OpenAI says verification of the result will be guided by a group of three experts that includes UC San Diego’s Russell Impagliazzo and Ramamohan Paturi, who were part of the group that originally proposed it in 1999, as well as MIT professor Ryan Williams. The group decided to release the AI output write-up and Lean proof on GitHub today.
They also released an open letter to the community asking for input on how to examine the claim, and about setting norms for dealing with AI-generated breakthroughs:
We would welcome discussion of three broader questions:
What expectations should govern early access to AI-generated results, disclosure of conflicts of interest, and the use of unpublished material for subsequent research?
How should credit recognize both new discoveries and the work of checking, fixing, simplifying, explaining, and extending them?
How can we support students and researchers as methods and research directions change, while preserving the understanding and judgment needed to question results and develop new ideas?
There’s similar documentation for the math breakthrough, where its model “produced a proof of the local smoothing conjecture in every dimension and therefore also resolve the Kakeya conjecture and Stein’s restriction conjecture in all dimensions.” Just a few months ago, NYU professor Hong Wang was awarded a prestigious Fields Medal by the International Mathematical Union for resolving the Kakeya conjecture in three dimensions.
文章标题:OpenAI宣布三项重大科学发现,并推出与学术界合作的新方式
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