内容来源：https://techcrunch.com/2026/04/27/openai-ends-microsoft-legal-peril-over-its-50b-amazon-deal/

内容总结：

微软与OpenAI重签协议：终结独家绑定，双方各取所需

当地时间周一，微软与OpenAI宣布再次修订双方合作协议。尽管社交媒体上有观点认为这是ChatGPT开发商对Windows巨头的胜利，但事实上两家公司均成为赢家。

核心条款：解除亚马逊交易隐患
新协议最重要的突破是解决了自OpenAI与亚马逊签署高达500亿美元合作协议以来悬而未决的法律风险。根据新条款：

• 微软不再拥有OpenAI所有产品及知识产权的独家访问权，直至其达成通用人工智能（AGI）
• 微软获得OpenAI模型及产品知识产权的非独家许可，有效期至2032年
• 微软仍是OpenAI的“主要云合作伙伴”，未来6年内OpenAI大部分云端计算将使用Azure

关键让步：OpenAI获得多云自由
新协议明确允许OpenAI“通过任何云服务商向客户提供所有产品”，仅保留“优先在Azure首发”的模糊约定。这一调整直接化解了微软可能就OpenAI与亚马逊合作提起法律诉讼的风险——此前微软公开声明保留对OpenAI模型API接口的独家许可权，而OpenAI与亚马逊达成的协议中包括将前沿模型“Frontier”独家部署在AWS Bedrock。

财务博弈：微软放弃分成但保留股权

• 微软将不再向OpenAI支付收入分成，而OpenAI需继续向微软支付分成至2030年（设有上限）
• 微软仍持有OpenAI营利实体约27%的股份，将从OpenAI增长中持续获益
• 此前一个季度，微软从OpenAI投资中获得75亿美元收入

行业影响：企业与云厂商双赢
新协议使企业客户能自由选择模型与云服务商，同时推动巨头间竞争。微软虽失去独家云服务收益，但已与OpenAI竞争对手Anthropic建立紧密合作，将利用其Claude模型开发代理型产品。AWS首席执行官安迪·贾西在社交平台X上庆祝称，这意味着OpenAI模型将正式接入AWS Bedrock。

事件时间线回顾

• 2024年10月：微软与OpenAI达成协议，帮助应对马斯克诉讼，允许非API产品使用其他云服务
• 2024年11月：OpenAI与亚马逊签署多年协议，采购380亿美元AWS云服务
• 2025年2月：亚马逊宣布最高500亿美元投资OpenAI，含独家技术开发条款；微软同日否认AWS获得独家权限
• 2025年3月：英国《金融时报》报道微软考虑法律诉讼
• 2025年4月：新协议落地，以2032年为界终结独家合作，OpenAI获多云部署自由

中文翻译：

周一，微软与OpenAI宣布，双方已再次重新谈判并修订了合作协议。尽管X平台上有些观点将此视为ChatGPT开发者对Windows巨头的胜利，但两家公司实则都是赢家。

最重要的是，新条款解决了自OpenAI与亚马逊签署高达500亿美元协议以来一直悬而未决的问题。

根据新协议，微软不再独家享有OpenAI所有产品及知识产权的使用权直至其实现通用人工智能的那一天，双方的合作伙伴关系有了明确的时间线。这份合同授予微软非独家许可，可在2032年前使用OpenAI涉及模型及产品的知识产权。

两家公司仍将微软称为OpenAI的“主要云合作伙伴”，这意味着在协议涵盖的六年内，OpenAI的大部分云服务仍将由Azure提供，即便OpenAI正急于与其他合作伙伴共建自己的数据中心。去年10月，OpenAI同意额外购买价值2500亿美元的微软云服务。这一条款向微软股东传递了一个信息：OpenAI仍将是Azure的庞大客户。

双方表示，OpenAI产品将“首发于Azure，除非微软无法或选择不支持所需能力”。但关键在于，“OpenAI现在可以向任何云提供商的客户提供其所有产品”。同样，公告中并未明确“首发”的具体定义，是指在一段时间内仅在Azure上独家提供，还是仅仅表示微软也将成为搭载OpenAI最新产品的供应商之一。

但该条款最重要的部分在于：它解决了微软因OpenAI与亚马逊的交易而起诉该人工智能实验室的可能性。

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回顾这段混乱的过往：今年2月，OpenAI宣布亚马逊将向这家模型制造商投资高达500亿美元，包括150亿美元的初始投资，以及“未来数月内，在满足特定条件后”的另外350亿美元投资——但双方并未说明具体条件。

作为交换，OpenAI同意在AWS Bedrock（提供多种AI模型和服务的AWS服务）上合作开发“有状态运行时技术”。该技术支持AI代理，使其能够长时间记忆任务和上下文。

OpenAI还承诺，AWS将独家享有提供OpenAI新代理构建工具Frontier的权利。问题就出在这里。

OpenAI与微软最初的协议禁止OpenAI在AWS上独家销售Frontier，甚至可能禁止AWS销售该产品。

尽管微软此前已同意OpenAI在其它云提供商上运行部分特定产品（如面向消费者的ChatGPT），但微软仍保留对任何通过API访问的OpenAI产品（如Frontier）的独家权利。

事实上，在OpenAI宣布与AWS合作的同一天，微软就公开否定了AWS的独家条款，并写道（强调为微软原文）：“微软保留对OpenAI模型及产品知识产权的独家许可和访问权……Azure仍是无状态OpenAI API的独家云提供商……任何由OpenAI与任何第三方（包括亚马逊）合作产生的对OpenAI模型的无状态API调用，都将托管在Azure上……OpenAI的第一方产品，包括Frontier，将继续托管在Azure上。”

微软还强调，其条款有效期至OpenAI实现通用人工智能。《金融时报》报道称，微软甚至考虑过，若需执行这些合同条款，将采取法律行动。

因此，新协议取消了微软的独家权利，解决了与AWS相关的法律风险。亚马逊CEO安迪·贾西在X平台发帖庆祝该协议，并补充称这意味着OpenAI的模型将可通过AWS Bedrock提供给客户。

虽然这份协议对OpenAI有利，微软也有所斩获。新协议允许微软停止向OpenAI支付收入分成，而OpenAI在2030年前将继续向微软支付收入分成，但此项设有上限。

具体有多少现金流将流向微软尚难估算，但很可能达数十亿美元。微软上一季度报告称，其单季度从对OpenAI的投资中获利75亿美元。

关键在于，微软仍是OpenAI的主要股东，据其去年10月披露，持有这家营利性实体约27%的股份。OpenAI的增长——即便是在AWS上产生的销售额——都让微软从中获得财务收益。

当然，不利的一面是，微软失去了因与OpenAI独家合作所能带来的额外云服务销售机会。

但这可能无关紧要。正如OpenAI一直在向微软的各大竞争对手示好，微软也与OpenAI的竞争对手Anthropic建立了新的密切关系，以便这家云计算巨头利用其Claude AI为代理型产品提供支持。

最大的赢家是广大企业：它们可以选择自己的模型和云服务商，同时看着巨头们为了服务自己而相互竞争。

以下是近期微软与OpenAI关系变化的时间线：

去年10月，微软与OpenAI宣布一项新协议，帮助OpenAI应对埃隆·马斯克就其公司结构提起的诉讼，该结构使OpenAI能够在其他云上运行非API访问的产品。

去年11月，OpenAI与亚马逊签署首份多年期协议，OpenAI据此承包了价值380亿美元的AWS云服务。

今年2月，亚马逊宣布对OpenAI进行高达500亿美元的投资，但需满足“特定条件”，包括Frontier及有状态技术的独家开发和托管协议。同日，微软否认AWS将独家拥有该技术。

今年3月，《金融时报》报道称微软正考虑采取法律行动。

今年4月，OpenAI与微软宣布新协议，其中包括为独家合作伙伴关系设定日历结束日期，并允许OpenAI在其他云上运行其所有产品。微软不再需要向OpenAI支付收入分成。微软仍是OpenAI的主要股东。

英文来源：

On Monday, Microsoft and OpenAI announced that they have, once again, renegotiated the deal binding the two companies. Despite some opinions on X that frame it as a victory for the ChatGPT maker over the Windows giant, both sides are walking away winners.
Most importantly, the new terms solve an issue that was hanging over OpenAI’s head since it signed its up-to-$50-billion deal with Amazon.
With this new deal, instead of Microsoft having exclusive access to all of OpenAI’s products and IP until the magical day when OpenAI produces AGI, its partnership has a definitive timeline. This contract gives Microsoft a nonexclusive license to OpenAI IP for models and products through 2032.
The two companies are still calling Microsoft OpenAI’s “primary cloud partner,” meaning that the bulk of OpenAI’s cloud will likely be served by Azure for the six years this deal covers, even as OpenAI rushes to build its own data centers with other partners. In October, OpenAI agreed to buy an additional $250 billion worth of Microsoft’s cloud. This line is a message to Microsoft shareholders that OpenAI will still be an enormous Azure customer.
OpenAI products will ship “first on Azure, unless Microsoft cannot and chooses not to support the necessary capabilities,” the companies say. But, critically, “OpenAI can now serve all its products to customers across any cloud provider.”
Again, “first” is not defined clearly in this announcement, whether that means exclusive on Azure only for some time period or just that Microsoft will also be among the vendors carrying OpenAI’s latest products.
But the most important part of this term: It solves the possibility that Microsoft could sue OpenAI over the AI lab’s deal with Amazon.
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To recap that messiness: In February, OpenAI announced that Amazon was investing up to $50 billion in the model maker, comprised of a $15 billion initial investment and another $35 billion “in the coming months when certain conditions are met,” the companies said, without specifying what those conditions were.
In exchange, OpenAI agreed to co-develop a “stateful runtime technology” on AWS Bedrock (the AWS service that serves up various AI models and services). Stateful runtime is the tech that supports AI agents, allowing them to remember tasks and contexts for long periods of time.
OpenAI also promised that AWS would have exclusive rights to serve up OpenAI’s new agent-making tool, Frontier. And there’s the rub.
OpenAI’s initial agreement with Microsoft prevented OpenAI from selling Frontier exclusively on AWS, and possibly prevented AWS from selling it at all.
While Microsoft had previously agreed to let OpenAI run certain select products, like consumer ChatGPT, on other cloud providers, it retained exclusive rights to any OpenAI product accessed through an API, such as Frontier.
In fact, the same day that OpenAI announced its AWS deal, Microsoft publicly refuted the AWS-exclusive terms, writing (emphasis Microsoft’s):
Microsoft maintains its exclusive license and access to intellectual property across OpenAI models and products. … Azure remains the exclusive cloud provider of stateless OpenAI APIs. … Any stateless API calls to OpenAI models that result from a collaboration between OpenAI and any third party — including Amazon — would be hosted on Azure. … OpenAI’s first party products, including Frontier, will continue to be hosted on Azure.
Microsoft also emphasized that its terms were in effect until OpenAI achieved AGI. The Financial Times reported that Microsoft even contemplated legal action if it had to enforce these contract terms.
So, the new agreement eliminates Microsoft’s exclusive rights and solves the AWS legal peril. In a post on X, Amazon CEO Andy Jassy celebrated the deal, adding that it meant OpenAI’s models would become available to customers on AWS Bedrock.
While this deal is good for OpenAI, Microsoft walked with some wins, too. The new deal now allows Microsoft to stop paying a revenue share to OpenAI, while OpenAI will continue to pay a revenue share to Microsoft through 2030, although this is now subject to a cap.
Exactly how much cash will flow to Microsoft is hard to tell, but it’s likely in the billions. Last quarter, Microsoft reported that it made $7.5 billion in a single quarter from its investment in OpenAI.
The kicker is that Microsoft remains a major shareholder in OpenAI, owning about 27% of the for-profit entity, it said in October. It financially benefits from OpenAI’s growth, even the sales it makes on AWS.
The downside, of course, is that Microsoft loses out on any extra cloud services it would be able to sell as a result of an exclusive deal with OpenAI.
That may not matter much. Just like OpenAI has been courting Microsoft’s biggest competitors, Microsoft has a new, cozy relationship with OpenAI rival Anthropic for the cloud giant to use its Claude AI to power agentic products.
The biggest winners here are enterprises, which get to choose their models and their clouds while the giants compete with each other to serve them.
Here’s a timeline of the recent changes in Microsoft’s relationship with OpenAI:
In October, Microsoft and OpenAI announced a new agreement to help OpenAI fend off the lawsuit from Elon Musk about its corporate structure that gives OpenAI the ability to run non-API-accessed products on other clouds.
In November, OpenAI and Amazon signed their first multi-year agreement, in which OpenAI contracted for $38 billion worth of AWS cloud.
In February, Amazon announced an up-to-$50-billion investment in OpenAI, pending “certain conditions,” including the exclusive tech development and hosting deal for Frontier and stateful tech. On the same day, Microsoft refuted that AWS will have that tech exclusively.
In March, the Financial Times published that Microsoft is considering legal action.
In April, OpenAI and Microsoft announced a new deal, that includes a calendar-end date for their exclusive partnership and allows OpenAI to run all of its products on other clouds. Microsoft no longer has to pay OpenAI revenue share. Microsoft remains a major shareholder in OpenAI.