埃隆·马斯克为控制OpenAI所做的最后一搏:招募山姆·奥特曼加入特斯拉

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埃隆·马斯克为控制OpenAI所做的最后一搏:招募山姆·奥特曼加入特斯拉

内容来源:https://www.wired.com/story/elon-musk-recruit-sam-altman-tesla-ai-lab-trial/

内容总结:

马斯克庭审爆料:曾力邀奥特曼加入特斯拉“世界级AI实验室”,开董事席挖角

在近日“马斯克诉奥特曼案”的联邦法庭审理中,一份内部邮件和证词显示,2018年2月马斯克离开OpenAI董事会前数月,曾试图挖角萨姆·奥特曼加入特斯拉内部的“世界级AI实验室”,甚至承诺提供特斯拉董事会席位。这一细节是在交叉质询前OpenAI顾问兼董事会成员、同时也是马斯克四个孩子母亲的希冯·齐里斯时曝光的。

马斯克的核心诉讼主张是,奥特曼与OpenAI总裁格雷格·布罗克曼“偷走”了一个非营利组织,利用马斯克投资的3800万美元,将其打造成如今估值超8000亿美元的营利公司。庭审中,马斯克律师播放了前OpenAI CTO米拉·穆拉蒂和前董事会成员海伦·托纳的证词视频,试图佐证奥特曼有“欺骗史”。

OpenAI法务团队则反击称马斯克“吃不到葡萄说葡萄酸”,指出他自2017年未能掌控OpenAI后便另起炉灶,创办了营利性AI实验室。律师利用齐里斯的质证环节,出示证据证明马斯克曾计划“颠覆OpenAI”,而齐里斯正是二人之间的“联络人”。

关键证据:特斯拉拟成立AI实验室,奥特曼被列为潜在负责人

一份2017年11月的邮件显示,齐里斯向特斯拉传播副总裁分享了一份FAQ草案,内容涉及特斯拉计划在NeurIPS AI会议上举办活动,宣布“特斯拉正在打造一个世界领先的AI实验室,足以与谷歌/DeepMind和Facebook AI Research抗衡”。FAQ中明确写道:“特斯拉面临的一个主要问题是,人们一提到埃隆和AI,就只会想到OpenAI。”在“谁负责”一栏中,列有马斯克和前OpenAI研究员安德烈·卡帕西,而奥特曼的名字紧随其后,旁边还打了两个问号。

备注显示,奥特曼可能担任NeurIPS活动的主持人,这“可能成为促使萨姆加入特斯拉AI的推动力”。另一条备注称,特斯拉AI的“战略尚未确定,部分内容可能高度专有”。

齐里斯在庭审中作证,奥特曼最终并未加入特斯拉,上述AI实验室及发布会也未能落地。她还透露,马斯克曾亲自联系卡帕西挖角。OpenAI律师指出,这一证词与马斯克此前“卡帕西是自愿离开OpenAI”的陈述“直接矛盾”。2017年6月的短信显示,齐里斯在得知卡帕西签署正式录用通知后兴奋回复“操,太棒了!”当同事问及OpenAI是否会因此生气时,她表示“我今天跟格雷格聊过,他显然毫不知情”。

“将OpenAI埋进特斯拉”的密谋细节曝光

尽管此前已知马斯克希望OpenAI与特斯拉合并,但新证据揭示了更多细节。2017年10月齐里斯在邮件中写道,OpenAI联合创始人并未“内化将此事埋入特斯拉以获得隐身优势的好处”。OpenAI律师追问“埋入”是否意味着特斯拉计划将AI技术闭源,齐里斯否认,称“只是小池塘里的一条小鱼”。

2018年2月,马斯克退出OpenAI董事会的同月,齐里斯向马斯克发送邮件,提出了几种制衡谷歌DeepMind的方案(马斯克视其为最大威胁)。方案之一是由奥特曼领导特斯拉AI实验室;另一条则写着:“认真想办法搞定德米斯。”——即DeepMind创始人德米斯·哈萨比斯,“也许他通过某种方式加入特斯拉,或者让DeepMind分拆出来”。

齐里斯隐瞒与马斯克关系,直至xAI成立后辞职

2020年1月,齐里斯被任命为OpenAI董事会成员。她作证称,任职期间通过试管婴儿怀上马斯克的孩子,但因与马斯克签有保密协议,未向其他董事会成员披露。2022年《商业内幕》记者联系她准备曝光此事时,齐里斯称自己先打电话给父亲,然后打给了奥特曼。

齐里斯一直担任OpenAI董事至2023年2月——马斯克宣布成立竞争对手xAI的数月前。她称在接到奥特曼电话后得知马斯克的计划,随即辞职。但庭审短信显示,她在此前已知晓xAI的存在。“得从OpenAI董事会辞职了,”齐里斯在奥特曼来电当天告诉朋友,“当你孩子的父亲开始搞竞争项目,还要从OpenAI挖人时,别无选择。”

庭审后续:更多证人将出庭

周四,马斯克律师预计将传唤前OpenAI员工、AI意识非营利组织Eleos AI董事总经理罗茜·坎贝尔,以及专攻非营利法律的哥伦比亚法学院前院长大卫·席泽。

中文翻译:

2018年2月埃隆·马斯克退出OpenAI董事会的前几个月,他曾试图招募萨姆·奥尔特曼加入特斯拉内部的一个"世界级人工智能实验室"。根据周三联邦法院在马斯克诉奥尔特曼案庭审中出示的邮件和证词,马斯克甚至向这位OpenAI首席执行官提供了特斯拉董事会席位。这些邮件是在交叉质询前OpenAI顾问兼董事会成员希冯·齐利斯时展示给陪审团的,齐利斯同时也是马斯克四个孩子的母亲。

马斯克在此案的核心指控是,奥尔特曼与OpenAI总裁格雷格·布罗克曼实际上窃取了一个非营利组织,利用马斯克投资的3800万美元创建了一家如今价值超过8000亿美元的私营公司。周三,马斯克的律师播放了前OpenAI首席技术官米拉·穆拉蒂和前董事会成员海伦·托纳的视频证词,以引发对奥尔特曼所谓欺骗历史的担忧。

OpenAI的法律团队通过质疑马斯克的真实动机来回应他的指控,辩称这位特斯拉CEO自2017年未能掌控OpenAI以来一直"吃不到葡萄说葡萄酸"。此后他创办了一家竞争性的营利性人工智能实验室。OpenAI的律师周三利用对齐利斯的交叉质询,提出了关于马斯克涉嫌颠覆OpenAI计划的证据,并试图暗示齐利斯知晓这些计划。就本案而言,齐利斯在OpenAI最重要的角色之一是充当马斯克和奥尔特曼之间的联络人。

在2018年2月作为证据出示的一条短信中,当时身兼OpenAI顾问、Neuralink及特斯拉高管的齐利斯问奥尔特曼:"你考虑过特斯拉旗下的共益公司子公司吗?"

"有书面证据表明,马斯克先生曾多次考虑寻求让萨姆·奥尔特曼加入董事会并提供这一选择,"OpenAI律师威廉·萨维特周三在法院外表示。"这是马斯克先生腐蚀OpenAI并将其并入特斯拉计划的一部分……他试图让奥尔特曼放弃使命,成为特斯拉的一部分。"

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在2017年11月发给特斯拉传播副总裁萨拉·奥布莱恩的一封邮件中,齐利斯分享了一份关于特斯拉计划在NeurIPS人工智能大会上举办活动的常见问题解答页面草稿。"这次活动的目的是分享特斯拉正在建设一个世界领先的人工智能实验室(?),它将与谷歌/DeepMind和Facebook AI Research等机构竞争,"草拟的FAQ写道。文件继续说道:"对特斯拉来说,一个主要问题是,当人们想到埃隆和人工智能时,他们想到的是OpenAI。"

FAQ中标有"谁"的另一部分列出了几位计划领导该部门的特斯拉高管,包括马斯克和前OpenAI研究员安德烈·卡帕斯。奥尔特曼的名字列在马斯克旁边,旁边还有两个问号。

FAQ上标注了注释,其中包括奥尔特曼可以担任NeurIPS活动的主持人,这"可能成为迫使萨姆承诺加入特斯拉AI的推动力"。另一条注释写道,特斯拉AI的"战略尚未确定,其中部分可能属于深度专有技术"。

齐利斯周三作证说,奥尔特曼最终从未加入特斯拉,该人工智能实验室和NeurIPS发布活动也从未实现。她还作证说,马斯克曾联系卡帕斯,试图招募他加入特斯拉。萨维特告诉记者,齐利斯关于卡帕斯的证词"与马斯克先生几天前向陪审团所说的直接矛盾"。在此案早些时候,马斯克作证说卡帕斯是自愿离开OpenAI的。

在2017年6月的短信中,当特斯拉同事告诉齐利斯卡帕斯已签署正式录用通知时,齐利斯回复"太他妈的好了"。另一名员工问OpenAI是否会因为卡帕斯的聘用而生气,后面跟了一个笑脸表情符号。齐利斯说这是个好问题,但表示她"今天和格雷格[布罗克曼]谈过,他显然毫不知情……"

此前已知马斯克希望OpenAI与特斯拉合并,但周三出示的证据揭示了这些计划的新细节。在2017年10月发给另一名特斯拉员工的邮件中,齐利斯表示OpenAI的联合创始人并未"内化将此事埋藏在特斯拉内以获得隐蔽优势的好处"。当OpenAI的律师问齐利斯"埋藏"是否意味着特斯拉计划将其人工智能闭源时,她表示否认。"这只是小池塘里的一条小鱼,"齐利斯说。

在2018年2月齐利斯发给马斯克的另一封邮件中——同月马斯克辞去OpenAI董事会职务——齐利斯分享了关于如何有效制衡谷歌DeepMind的几种方案,马斯克视其为重大威胁。其中一个方案是让奥尔特曼管理特斯拉人工智能实验室。另一个方案写道:"想办法搞定德米斯。认真的。"指的是谷歌DeepMind的负责人德米斯·哈萨比斯。"也许他以某种方式加入特斯拉,或者DeepMind被分拆出来,"齐利斯写道。

近两年后,2020年1月,齐利斯被任命为OpenAI董事会成员。齐利斯作证说,在担任董事会成员期间,她通过试管婴儿怀上了马斯克的孩子,但由于她与马斯克签署的保密协议,没有向其他董事会成员披露此事。当《商业内幕》在2022年联系她,告知齐利斯计划当天晚些时候发布关于这些孩子的报道时,齐利斯说她先给父亲打了电话,然后联系了奥尔特曼。

但齐利斯继续担任OpenAI董事会成员直至2023年2月,几个月后马斯克宣布推出他的竞争性人工智能实验室xAI。齐利斯作证说,她是在通过奥尔特曼的电话得知马斯克的努力后辞职的。然而,此案中披露的短信表明,齐利斯在接到电话之前已经知道xAI。

"顺便说一下,必须辞去OpenAI董事会职务。[马斯克的]努力已经广为人知,"在奥尔特曼打电话那天,齐利斯告诉一位朋友。"当你孩子的父亲开始一项竞争性事业,并将从OpenAI挖人时,就没什么可做的了。"

周四,马斯克的律师预计将传唤前OpenAI员工、人工智能意识非营利组织Eleos AI的董事总经理罗茜·坎贝尔作为证人。他们还预计将传唤前哥伦比亚法学院院长、专攻非营利法的戴维·希泽尔。

这是马克斯·泽夫《模型行为》通讯的一个版本。在此阅读往期通讯。

英文来源:

A few months before Elon Musk left OpenAI’s board of directors in February 2018, he tried to recruit Sam Altman to join a “world-class AI lab” within Tesla. Musk went as far as offering the OpenAI CEO a Tesla board seat, according to emails and testimony presented in federal court on Wednesday during the Musk v. Altman trial. The emails were shown to a jury during the cross examination of Shivon Zilis, a former OpenAI adviser and board member who is also the mother of four of Musk’s children.
Musk’s core claim in this lawsuit is that Altman and OpenAI president Greg Brockman effectively stole a nonprofit, using the $38 million Musk invested to create a private company worth more than $800 billion today. On Wednesday, lawyers for Musk showed video depositions of former OpenAI CTO Mira Murati and former OpenAI board member Helen Toner, to raise concerns over Altman’s alleged history of deceit.
OpenAI’s legal team has responded to Musk’s claims by questioning his true motives, arguing that the Tesla CEO has had “sour grapes” ever since he failed to assume control of OpenAI in 2017. He has since started a rival, for-profit AI lab. OpenAI’s lawyers used Zilis’ cross-examination on Wednesday to bring up evidence about Musk’s alleged plans to subvert OpenAI, and tried to suggest Zilis was privy to those plans. As it pertains to this case, one of Zilis’ most important roles at OpenAI was acting as a conduit between Musk and Altman.
In a text from February 2018 presented as evidence, Zilis—then an OpenAI adviser, as well as a Neuralink and Tesla executive—asked Altman, “Did you think through a B Corp subsidiary of Tesla?”
“There was documentary evidence that, at several points, Mr. Musk had contemplated seeking to join Sam Altman to the board and offered that option,” said OpenAI lawyer William Savitt outside the courthouse on Wednesday. “It was part of Mr. Musk’s effort to corrupt OpenAI and absorb it into Tesla … he was trying to get Altman to abandon the mission and be part of Tesla.”
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In an email to Tesla’s VP of communications, Sarah O'Brien, from November 2017, Zilis shared a draft of an FAQ page about an event Tesla was planning to hold at the NeurIPS AI conference. “The purpose of this event is to share that Tesla is building a world leading AI lab(?) which will rival the likes of Google / DeepMind and Facebook AI Research,” the drafted FAQ read. The document continues, “One major issue for Tesla is when people think of Elon and AI, they think of OpenAI.”
Another part of the FAQ labeled “Who?” lists several Tesla executives who were planned to lead the unit, including Musk and Andrej Karpathy, a former OpenAI researcher. Altman’s name is listed next to Musk’s with two question marks beside it.
The FAQ is marked up with notes including that Altman could be a moderator for the NeurIPS event, which "could be a forcing function for Sam to commit to TeslaAI.” Another note reads that Tesla AI's "strategy had yet to be defined and some of it may be deeply proprietary.”
Zilis testified on Wednesday that Altman never ended up joining Tesla, and the AI lab and the NeurIPS launch event never came to fruition. She also testified that Musk reached out to Karpathy about recruiting him to Tesla. Savitt told reporters that Zilis’ testimony on Karpathy is “directly contrary to what Mr. Musk told the jury just a few days ago.” Earlier in this trial, Musk testified that Karpathy left OpenAI of his own volition.
In text messages from June 2017, Zilis responded “Fuck yeahhhhhhh” when told by Tesla colleagues that Karpathy had signed an official offer. Another employee asked if OpenAI would be mad about Karpathy’s hire, followed by a smiley face emoticon. Zilis said it was a good question, but said she had “talked to Greg [Brockman] today and he clearly had no idea …”
It was already known that Musk wanted OpenAI to merge with Tesla, but evidence presented on Wednesday revealed new details about the plans. In an email to another Tesla employee from October 2017, Zilis said that OpenAI’s cofounders had not “internalized the advantages of burying this in Tesla for stealth advantage.” When OpenAI’s lawyers asked Zilis whether “burying” meant Tesla was planning to close-source its AI, she said no. “It’s just a small fish in a big pond,” said Zilis.
In another email from Zilis to Musk in February 2018, the same month Musk stepped down from OpenAI’s board, Zilis shared several scenarios about how to create an effective counterbalance to Google DeepMind, which Musk viewed as a major threat. One of the scenarios was having Altman run a Tesla AI lab. Another scenario read, “Find a way to get Demis. Seriously,” referring to the leader of Google DeepMind, Demis Hassabis. “Maybe he comes to Tesla somehow or DeepMind is spun out,” Zilis wrote.
Almost two years later, in January 2020, Zilis was appointed to OpenAI’s board of directors. During her time as a board member, Zilis testified that she became pregnant with Musk’s children through IVF, but did not disclose this to the other board members due to a confidentiality agreement she had signed with Musk. When Business Insider reached out to her in 2022, informing Zilis it planned to break a story on the children later that day, Zilis said she called her father, and then Altman.
But Zilis continued to serve as an OpenAI board member until February 2023, months before Musk announced the launch of his competing AI lab, xAI. Zilis testified that she resigned after learning about Musk’s effort, allegedly, via a call from Altman. However, texts revealed in the case suggest Zilis already knew about xAI before the call.
“Have to resign [from the] openai board btw. [Musk’s] effort has become well known,” Zilis told a friend the day of Altman’s call. “When the father of your babies starts a competitive effort and will recruit out of openai there is nothing to be done.”
On Thursday, lawyers for Musk are expected to call Rosie Campbell—a former OpenAI employee and managing director at the AI consciousness nonprofit Eleos AI—as a witness. They’re also expected to call David Schizer, a former dean of Columbia Law School who specializes in nonprofit law.
This is an edition of Maxwell Zeff’s Model Behavior newsletter. Read previous newsletters here.

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