内容来源：https://www.theverge.com/science/1013954/fossil-fuel-power-infrastructure-data-centers-report

内容总结：

最新报告显示，美国正在建设十年来规模最大的化石燃料基础设施，与此同时可再生能源增长放缓。数据中心对能源的需求不断攀升，特朗普政府正着力确保化石燃料满足这一需求。随着更多数据中心、工厂和电动汽车接入电网，电力需求增速也达到十多年来最快水平。尽管需求持续增长，特朗普政府仍试图打压风能和太阳能产业，转而扶持化石燃料。根据非营利组织环境保护基金会和研究机构Atlas Public Policy上周发布的报告，美国能源格局已因此发生转变。报告作者警告称，如果开发管道中的所有天然气项目全部建成，可能在未来数十年锁定更多污染和更高的电价。报告指出，美国电力行业正处于新的转折点，当前做出的决策将塑造未来数十年电网的成本、可靠性和排放特征。美国仍有60%的电力来自化石燃料，但可再生能源正在快速追赶。2024年，风能和太阳能合计发电量首次超过煤炭。太阳能是当年增长最快的新增发电来源，占新增装机容量的81%。在全球范围内，太阳能已成为大多数地区最便宜的电力来源。随后特朗普开启第二任期，提出“钻探，宝贝，钻探”的口号，将化石燃料作为满足高耗能数据中心需求的首选能源。其政府通过发布停工令、阻挠许可审批和取消税收优惠等手段试图扼杀可再生能源项目。尽管成本相对较低仍推动大量新风能和太阳能电站涌现，但其中许多项目属于受益于拜登时代激励政策的最后一波。风向正在转向有利于天然气发电厂。根据这份基于美国能源信息署数据分析的新报告，新化石燃料基础设施计划占全部新增装机容量的比例从2024年的仅5%上升到2026年第二季度的30%。若该趋势持续，到本十年末化石燃料可能占开发管道的70%。计划中的化石燃料装机容量到2030年将达到68吉瓦，较六个月前的建设计划激增45%。其中许多计划仍可能落空，尤其是如果对AI数据中心能源需求的预测被证明夸大。但目前可再生能源项目的取消速度高于化石燃料项目，分别为4.9%和2.9%。报告发现，新建公用事业规模太阳能和风能电站的成本仍低于天然气，平均为每兆瓦时68至69美元，而新建联合循环天然气电厂为每兆瓦时90美元。化石燃料还面临日益加剧的价格波动，尤其是自美国对伊朗发动战争以来。天然气和燃煤电厂还会排放空气污染物和导致气候变化的温室气体，带来更多健康成本。随着公用事业公司升级电网并建设新能源基础设施以满足不断增长的需求，全美各地电费已出现上涨。

中文翻译：

一份新报告显示，美国正在建设比过去十年更多的化石燃料基础设施，而可再生能源的增长却在放缓。化石燃料正在卷土重来。数据中心需要更多能源，而特朗普政府正着力确保化石燃料满足这一需求。数据中心需要更多能源，而特朗普政府正着力确保化石燃料满足这一需求。随着更多数据中心、工厂和电动汽车接入电网，电力需求也在以十多年来最快的速度攀升。尽管需求不断增长，特朗普政府却试图打压风能和太阳能产业，转而扶持化石燃料。根据非营利组织环境保护基金和研究公司Atlas Public Policy上周发布的报告，美国的能源格局已因此发生变化。报告作者警告说，如果开发管道中的所有天然气项目都完成建设，它们可能在未来数十年内锁定更多污染和更高的电价。“美国电力行业正处于一个新的拐点”“美国电力行业正处于一个新的拐点，今天做出的决定将塑造未来数十年电网的成本、可靠性和排放特征，”报告称。尽管美国仍有60%的电力来自化石燃料，但可再生能源已迅速取得进展。2024年，风能和太阳能合计发电量首次超过煤炭。太阳能是当年增长最快的新增发电来源，占新增装机容量的81%。在全球范围内，太阳能在世界大部分地区已成为最便宜的电力来源。随后唐纳德·特朗普进入第二个总统任期，提出“钻吧，宝贝，钻吧”的化石燃料计划，这是他青睐的为能源密集型数据中心供能的电力来源。他的政府试图通过发布停工令、阻止许可和取消税收优惠来扼杀可再生能源项目。由于成本相对较低，我们仍看到大量新太阳能和风电场涌现，尽管其中许多项目是受益于拜登时代激励措施的最后一批项目。风向正在转向有利于天然气发电厂。根据这份分析美国能源信息署数据的新报告，新化石燃料基础设施的计划占所有新增装机容量的比例从2024年的仅5%攀升至2026年第二季度的30%。如果这一趋势持续下去，到本十年末，化石燃料可能占开发管道的70%。到2030年，计划中的化石燃料装机容量将达到68吉瓦，较六个月前的建设计划跃升45%。这些计划中的许多仍可能落空，尤其是如果对人工智能数据中心能源需求的预测被夸大的话。但就目前而言，可再生能源项目的取消速度快于化石燃料项目，分别为4.9%和2.9%。报告发现，新建公用事业规模的太阳能和风电场在成本上仍优于天然气，平均为每兆瓦时68至69美元，而新建联合循环天然气电厂为每兆瓦时90美元。化石燃料还面临日益加剧的价格波动，尤其是自美国对伊朗挑起战争以来。天然气和燃煤电厂还会排放空气污染物和导致气候变化的温室气体，带来更多健康成本。随着公用事业公司升级电网并建设新的能源基础设施以满足不断增长的需求，全国各地的电费都在上涨。

英文来源：

The US is building more fossil fuel infrastructure than it has in a decade while renewable energy growth slows down, a new report shows.
The fossil fuel comeback is here
Data centers are demanding more energy, and the Trump administration is making sure fossil fuels meet the moment.
Data centers are demanding more energy, and the Trump administration is making sure fossil fuels meet the moment.
Electricity demand is also climbing faster than it has in more than a decade with more data centers, factories, and electric vehicles plugging into the grid. Despite those growing demands, the Trump administration has sought to hobble the wind and solar industries in favor of fossil fuels.
America’s energy landscape is already shifting as a result, according to the report published last week by the nonprofit Environmental Defense Fund and research firm Atlas Public Policy. If all the gas projects in the development pipeline complete construction, they could lock in more pollution and higher electricity prices for decades, the authors warn.
“The U.S. power sector is at a new inflection point”
“The U.S. power sector is at a new inflection point, with decisions made today shaping the cost, reliability, and emissions profile of the grid for decades to come,” the report says.
While the US still generates 60 percent of its electricity from fossil fuels, renewables have quickly gained ground. Wind and solar produced more electricity together than coal for the first time in 2024. Solar was the fastest-growing source of new electricity generation that year, accounting for 81 percent of added capacity. Globally, solar has become the cheapest power source in most of the world.
Then Donald Trump stepped into his second term as president with a plan to “drill, baby, drill” for fossil fuels, his preferred power source for energy-hungry data centers. His administration has sought to kill renewable energy projects by issuing stop work orders, blocking permits, and removing tax incentives. We’re still seeing a rush of new solar and wind farms driven by relatively low costs, although many of them make up the last wave of projects that benefited from Biden-era incentives.
The winds are shifting in favor of gas-fired power plants. Plans for new fossil fuel infrastructure climbed from just 5 percent of all new capacity in 2024 to 30 percent by the second quarter of 2026, according to the new report, which analyzes data from the US Energy Information Administration. If the trend continues, fossil fuels could make up 70 percent of the development pipeline by the end of the decade. Planned fossil capacity would reach 68 gigawatts by 2030, reflecting a 45 percent jump from construction plans just six months ago.
Many of those plans could still fall through, particularly if forecasts for AI data center energy demand are overblown. But for now, renewable energy projects are being canceled at a faster clip than fossil fuels, at 4.9 percent compared to 2.9 percent of projects, respectively.
New utility-scale solar and wind farms still beat gas when it comes to cost, coming in at $68 to $69 per megawatt-hour on average compared to $90 per megawatt-hour for new combined-cycle natural gas plants, the report finds. Fossil fuels are also subject to increasing price volatility, particularly since the US instigated war with Iran. Gas and coal power plants also emit air pollutants and the greenhouse gases causing climate change, leading to more health costs. Electricity bills have risen across the nation as utilities upgrade power grids and build new energy infrastructure to meet rising demand.